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  • 1.
    book
    Certification of the clenbuterol mass fraction in reconstituted bovine eye : BCR-673 (clenbuterol-free) : BCR-674 (clenbuterol-enriched). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    Clenbuterol is a xenophobic orally active ß-agonist. It has been illegally applied as a repartitioning agent in meat producing animals in the EU. The misuse of this pharmacologically active substance has resulted in several cases of food poisoning, which underlines the necessity of developing proper detection methods and control systems. Two clenbuterol standards in bovine eyes were produced and certified: a negative control material, BCR-673 (bovine eye, clenbuterol free; <0.50 µg/kg) and a positive material, BCR-674 (bovine eye containing clenbuterol ~10 µg/kg). Eye liquid content with a strong clenbuterol accumulation and slow elimination is the most sensitive tissue for the detection of clenbuterol misuse. It was initially confirmed in this study that ~10 µg/kg clenbuterol in eye matrix is suitable for control of clenbuterol misuse. This report describes the production of BCR-673 and BCR-674 using eyes from 103 German Simmental cattle. Materials were checked for their homogeneity and a 3 year stability study at various storage temperatures (-60 °C, -20 °C, +4 °C, +20 °C and +37 °C) was performed. The candidate-CRMs were certified in a certification exercise involving 11 EU laboratories. The certified values are close to the desired target concentration of <0.5 µg/kg and ~10 µg/kg originally specified.
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  • 2.
    book
    The social problem of men : final report. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
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  • 3.
    book
    The new SME definition : increased opportunities in EU research. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2005.
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  • 4.
    book
    Bentonite barriers in integrated performance assessment (Benipa) : final report. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    Most repository concepts for high-Ievel wastes and spent fuel in both crystalline and clay host rocks call for the use of significant amounts of bentonite barriers as a buffer between the waste packages and the host rock. The behaviour of bentonite barriers in the repository environment is influenced by mechanical, hydrological, thermal, chemical and radiological conditions, which are variable in both time and space. Integrated performance assessment needs ta identify and assess all relevant aspects for the performance of this component of the repository system. Benipa (Bentonite barriers in integrated performance assessment) was a research project, within the fifth framework programme of the European Union, which started in September 2000 and was planned for 36 months. Participants in the project were: two national agencies, which are responsible for national HLW management (Enresa as project coordinator, Spain; NAGRA, Switzerland) and six research centres (GRS, Germany; IRSN, France; NRG, the Nederlands; SCK-CEN, Belgium; VTT, Filand; ZAG, Slovenia). The overall objective of Benipa was to assess the state of the art in the treatment of bentonite barriers in integrated performance assessment, evaluating the capacity and consistency of methods and data available to convincingly justify the capacity of bentonite to perform their assigned safety functions. The project analysed and integrated the numerous developments achieved in the study of the bentonite barriers. Current repository concepts were reviewed and referent cases were selected for modelling. The necessity of using predictive models to evaluate '- potential consequences in performance assessment is well recognised. To this aim, available information on FEPs was compiled and processed in order to evaluate the bases for decisions in integrated performance assessment. The evaluation of the influences of many significant FEPs requires the development and application of conceptual models, comparing results between models of different degrees of abstraction and simplification. Assessment codes at process and integrated level must be analysed and upgrated where necessary. New, more advanced calculations at process and integrated level need to be carried out, in order to verify model performance and to evaluate the sufficiency of available assessment methods. Also, sensitivity and optimisation analyses must be perfomed.
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  • 5.
    book
    Building the future : EU research for sustainable urban development and land use sustainable urban environment. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    The principles of sustainability must inform every stage in the creation of the urban environment in which 80% of EU citizens live - planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance, renewal and reuse. This publication explains the practical contribution made by EU-funded research and demonstration projects to the realisation of dynamic and environmentally friendly cities that are also attractive, pleasant and clean.
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  • 6.
    book
    Control of infectious diseases : catalogue of research projects in the Fifth Framework Programme. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
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  • 7.
    book
    25 recommendations on the ethical, legal and social implications of genetic testing. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    The 25 recommendations try, where possible, to address the relevant actors. Sometimes they also take the tone of a "code of conduct". Hence these recommendations should function partly as a "code of conduct" for any actor in the field of genetic testing and partly as an "action plan for genetic testing" to be implemented by policy-makers in the near future. The stakeholder conference, to be organised by the European Commission on 6-7 May, 2004 in Brussels, will discuss these recommendations further and will test whether or not they are understood, and which fields have yet to be adequately addressed.
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  • 8.
    book
    Europäische Wissenschaftswoche : 8.-14. November 2004. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
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  • 9.
    book
    Unity and diversity : the contribution of the social sciences and the humanities to the European Research Area. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2002.
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    Fifth framework programme 1998-2002 [cd] : project synopses : key action 1 : food, nutrition and health. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2003.
    Summary
    The food and drink sector is a leading sector in the EU in terms of industrial value and output. It employs 2,6 million people, and its turnover is worth € 700 billion. The overall objectives of Key Action 1 “Food, nutrition and health” within the Programme “Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources” are to strengthen research in the agriculture, fisheries and food sector in universities, research centres and the industry. This will ensure that Europe maintains its strong position in this field into the future. By its funding of European projects and its links to national research activities on these topics, this key action aims to lead to a better understanding of consumers’ needs to provide a healthy, safe and high quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety and wholesomeness of the European food supply. This catalogue gives details of all the running projects, but is also a useful guide to many of the principal research teams involved in food research in Europe. Most of the projects have a web site address which can easily be accessed and gives further information on the project.
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  • 11.
    book
    Analysis of genomic research supported under FP5. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    The Commission services have taken the initiative to ask a panel of external experts to carry out an analysis of the implementation of genomic research funded as part of FP5, thematic programme 'Quality of life and management of living resources' (QoL). The aim of the panel was: - to analyse the extent to which the original objectives of the genomic research aspects of the programme are being met; - to analyse the impacts of the genomic aspects of the programme on the various research communities involved; - to analyse the anticipated benefits of the genomics research aspects of the programme for the users and potential beneficiaries of the research; - to assess the European added value of the programme; - to suggest lessons to be learned for future programmes.
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  • 12.
    book
    Research results for SMEs-V. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2005.
    Summary
    This publication presents the achievements of 20 CRAFT projects completed under the Fifth Framework programme (1998-2002). ln total, these projects involve some 93 SMEs. They illustrate the richness and diversity of the results that SMEs can obtain from EU research projects and show how SMEs with little or no RTD capacity can benefit from the CRAFT (now the Co-operative Research) scheme.
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  • 13.
    book
    Codes of conduct : standards for ethics in research. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    The study aims to give an overview of commitments of science organisations that promote awareness of researchers. The study describes different types of codes and the arguments why ethical standards should be issued. Some criteria on how to measure excellence are proposed and two examples of excellence are given. Summary information is given on 65 European research-ethical standards drawn from 15 countries.
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  • 14.
    book
    COST Action 335 : passengers' accessibility to heavy rail systems. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    The main objective was to produce guidance for governments and railway operators on best practice in achieving full accessibility to their services and facilities. COST 335 was based on guidelines drawn up by the ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport) and on a report from the working group on accessibility of the UIC (Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer), which directed the requirements towards harmonisation of rolling stock standards and a more holistic approach : - economic aspects, - access to and within a station, -the interface between station and rolling stock, -rolling stock design, including dimensions for seating layout and wheelchair space, -regulatory framework, addressing legislation/regulation, codes of practice/guidance and the maintenance and monitoring of standards.
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  • 15.
    book
    Wissenschaftsläden : Wissen für die Allgemeinheit. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    ‘Wissenschaftsläden’ – Forschungseinrichtungen an der Basis der Gesellschaft – sind eine wesentliche Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Bürgern, die in ganz Europa durch ihren Ansatz, Forschung von unten nach oben zu betreiben, die Forschungsfragen von Bürgern und NRO aufgreifen. Einen Schnittpunkt zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft bildend, macht die Verquickung von örtlichen mit europaweiten Aktivitäten Wissenschaftsläden zu idealen Kandidaten für eine Unterstützung durch die EU. Indem sie die Schichten entfernen, die Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft trennen, helfen sie, den Weg für eine Wissenschaft für die Gesellschaft zu ebnen.
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  • 16.
    book
    25 recomendaciones sobre las repercusiones éticas, jurídicas y sociales de los tests genéticos. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    Las 25 recomendaciones, que dentro de lo posible intentan dirigirse a los agentes pertinentes, adoptan a veces el tono de un «código de conducta». Por lo tanto, deben funcionar en parte como un «código de conducta» para todos los que actúen en el ámbito de los tests genéticos y en parte como un «plan de acción en materia de tests genéticos» aplicable por los responsables politicos en un futuro próximo. En la conferencia dirigida a todas las partes interesadas que la Comisión Europea ha convocado para los días 6 y 7 de mayo de 2004 en Bruselas, se seguirán debatiendo estas recomendaciones y se comprobará si se han entendido o no. Asimismo, se determinará qué ámbitos están aún pendientes de recibir un tratamiento adecuado.
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  • 17.
    book
    Investigación sobre desarrollo urbano y uso del suelo sustentables ONU-HABITAT y la UE : cómo crear un mundo de ciudades sustentables. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    La cooperación entre UN-HABITAT y la EU dirigida a compatir los resultados de sus actividades investigadoras está ayudando a mejorar las condiciones ambientales y la calidad de vida en ciudades de todo el planeta. Esta publicación ofrece una visión general de los logros de ambos organismos en el ámbito del desarrollo urbano sustenable, y ofrece ejemplos concretos de los recursos y herramientas - de amplia aplicación - que se han generado. También muestra cómo el intercambio mutuo de experiencias y saber hacer beneficia a las ciudades dentro y fuera de Europa.
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  • 18.
    book
    Az Európai Kutatási Terület (ERA) vezetése : adjunk kulcsot a társadalom kezébe a laboratóriumhoz. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    Mivel a tudomány hatása jóval túlmutat a tudományos közösségeken, a társadalom bevonása a kutatások prioritásainak kijelölésébe és a kutatási tevékenységek figyelemmel kísérésébe egyre fontosabbá válik. A jelen kiadvány azzal az egyre erősödő tendenciával foglalkozik, mely szerint az állampolgárokat közvetlenül be kell vonni az európai kutatások irányításába.Vizsgálja, rnilyen módokon lehet optimáIissá tenni ezt a folyamatot, hogy a civil társadalom jobban részt tudjon venni az Európai Kutatási Területben.
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  • 19.
    book
    Position paper on declarative modelling in ecological and environmental research. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2004.
    Summary
    Simulation models play a central role in ecosystem research and management. They integrate understanding, and enable us to predict future behaviour and to explore alternative policy scenarios. However, there are major problems with current practice, including the cost of developing models, rapid obsolescence, duplication of effort, and opaqueness of model structure. The fundamental reason for this is that models are implemented in a conventional programming language, such as Fortran or C++. Declarative modelling is emerging as a fundamentally different way of addressing the modelling process. The core idea is to separate the representation of model design (the specification of the model) from the tools used to conduct simulations. Once this has been achieved, the model design can be edited, displayed, interrogated, analysed and transformed in ways impossible using existing approaches. This publication explores the basic concepts behind declarative modelling, illustrates its feasibility by reference to an existing visual modelling environment, explores its potential utility in large-scale ecosystem research projects, and compares it with the current trend to develop 'integrated modelling frameworks'.
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  • 20.
    book
    SOLGATE, solar hybrid gas turbine electric power system. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2005.
    Summary
    This brochure is the final publishable report of the project SOLGATE funded under the fifth RTD Framework programme (1999-2002). The project demonstrated the technical feasibility a new solar-hybrid power system. Solar radiation is used to heat air up to 800°C that is send to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The addition of hot air allows the reduction of gas consumption, reducing CO2 emission for a given power level. A 280 kWe prototype gas turbine was modified and new solar receivers built. The complete installation was tested under real condition and connected to the grid. ln the future turnkey systems from 1MWe to 17MWe could be then offer to potential costumers.
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