Current Search:
  • 1990 - 1999 X
  • European Commission. Joint Research Cent... X
Results 1 to 20 of 228
  • 1.
    book
    Institute for Advanced Materials : annual report 1994. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 1994.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 2.
    book
    TRUST-EC : requirements for trust and confidence in e-commerce : report of the workshop held in Luxembourg, April 8th-9th, 1999. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Summary
    As part of the TRUST-EC project, aimed at characterising and refining requirements for trust and confidence in e-commerce, a workshop was held in Luxembourg on April 8th - 9th, 1999. This document reports on the results obtained. It includes some information about the background to the workshop, and describes the four different case studies considered as well as the trust and confidence requirements relating to those studies. The results of general workshop discussions regarding trust and confidence in e-commerce, and possible future cluster activities in this area are also presented.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 3.
    book
    GOTM, a General Ocean Turbulence Model : theory, implementation and test cases. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Summary
    This report is the scientific documentation of GOTM (General Ocean Turbulence model), which is a public domain software package, numerically simulating the vertical dynamics of a water column. This package contains besides the FORTRAN 77 source code as well a number of test scenarios, reaching from an idealistic ocean mixing experiment over estuarine and shelf sea studies to ocean mixed-layer simulations. Basic prognostic variables are the momentum components, temperature, salinity and suspended matter. The core part of GOTM consists of a choice of different turbulence parameterizations, ranging from simple algebraic forms to complex two-equation models. Among the latter are the well-known k-ε and the Mellor- Yamada turbulence closures. All information which specifies a certain application, such as external forcing file names or physical or numerical parameters, are read in from a namelist. That allows for switching from one scenario to another without re-compilation. Due to its modular structure, GOTM is easily extendable. It is intended to build up a user group, the members of which provide additional physical or numerical features or set up new scenarios. The first two chapters of this report describe the physical equations and their numerical treatment, respectively. The implementation strategy is discussed in an extra chapter. One chapter is the user's guide, which explains step by step how to install, compile, run and modify GOTM. All test scenarios are scientifically documented in a further chapter. The report is completed with an extensive bibliography and an example of the namelist file.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 4.
    book
    The Futures Project : overview. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 5.
    book
    Information and communication technologies and the information society panel report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 6.
    book
    Demographic and social trends panel reports. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 7.
    book
    ASTRA : Advanced Software Tool for Reliability Analysis : ASTRA-SAM - Sensitivity Analysis Module : knowledge handbook. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Summary
    The report describes the theoretical background of the method implemented in ASTRA-SAM, the new module of the ASTRA tool-set, developed to perform sensitivity analysis of complex systems. The sensitivity analysis technique, applied on the results of a fault tree analysis, frequently represents a suitable and powerful tool to improve a complex system design from both the safety and availability viewpoints. The new aspects of ASTRA-SAM, with respect to other analysis tools, concern essentially the possibility to work on all system 's fault trees concurrently and to apply, besides the modification of reliability parameters, the redundancy concept (parallel, stand-by and K-out-of-N). Other redundant configurations can be added depending on the user needs.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 8.
    book
    ASTRA : Advanced Software Tool for Reliability Analysis : knowledge handbook. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Summary
    The knowledge handbook describes the theoretical aspects, the analysis methods and the main characteristics of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) and PTD (Probabilistic Time Dependent Analysis) modules of the ASTRA toolkit, a Windows 95/NT interactive programme package for fault tree analysis.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 9.
    book
    IMEP-9 : trace elements in water : report to participants. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 10.
    book
    The incineration of waste in Europe : issues and perspectives. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 11.
    book
    Tracking & tracing in combined road/rail freight transport : a comparison of the basic technological options: Automatic Equipment Identification (ΑΕΙ), satellite location (GPS/GLONASS/GNSS, Argos), location within the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and train-integrated systems (Omnitag, wagon-bus). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999], c1999.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 12.
    book
    Inelastic neutron scattering studies of 238U for incident energies between 2.0 and 3.5 MeV. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999].
    Add To Cart
     
  • 13.
    book
    Conversion table of material damage indexation for all different European reactor types (acr: MADAM) : final report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : OPOCE, 1999.
    Summary
    Within the frame of the AMES European Network, the demonstration of the continuing integrity of reactor pressure vessel (RPVs) requires the prediction of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) of the vessel materials. This important parameter is used for integrity evaluation of PV against pressurised thermal shock events. Conventionally, irradiation-induced changes in DBTT are monitored by the shift in the transition behaviour measured in impact tests. The DBTT is then normally correlated, for each material, to the index used neutron damage; normally F>1.0 MeV or F>0.1 MeV for Western materials, and F>0.5 MeV for 'Russian' materials. Another possible indexation used in some cases is the number of displacements per atom, dpa (e.g. for Magnox reactors). A direct comparison of the above mentioned quantities is not possible in general; the neutron spectra are different for the different cases as well as the material nuclear libraries. Therefore, the creation of a qualified conversion table of all damage indices used, required to compare available data and studies, is of great interest and strongly needed. The scope of this project can be summarised as follows: Review of the actual situation in the fields of neutron damage indexation neutronic codes and data libraries, and neutron dosimetry for PWR, BWR, WER and MAGNOX reactors. Also MTR reactors currently involved in material irradiation of RPV steels like the HFR and BR2 will be considered. Preparation of the necessary databases, determination of the calculation methods that should be used and identification of all the necessary cross-calculations needed to create in a future project a qualified conversion table of all the damage indices used for embrittlement assessment, which will make it possible to compare neutron damage data for different RPV materials obtained in different ways and conditions.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 14.
    book
    VIL, a virtual interoperability laboratory for Europe. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999]
    Summary
    This report covers the proceedings and conclusions of a workshop on Interoperability in Gl and GIS, held at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra, in February 1999. The workshop focused on four major themes: metadata, modelling, technologies and information communities. The broad range of requirements and recommendations that arose from the discussions immediately suggested a network of groups each focussing on a different aspect of the Interoperability issue. The network would contain systems from European (and other global) GIS vendors for the purpose of evaluating emerging GIS technology, particularly with respect to long term interoperability issue including standards development, benchmarking and branding, hence the term Virtual Interoperability Laboratory for Europe.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 15.
    book
    Life sciences and the frontier of life panel report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999]
    Summary
    This report highlights issues and developments in the area of life sciences relevant to the timeframe 2010 and analyses their importance in terms of impact on competitiveness, employment and technology.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 16.
    book
    Development of a vegetation index optimized for the SeaWiFS instrument : algorithm theoretical basis document. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999], c1999.
    Summary
    The SeaWiFS instrument was designed to support various applications related to the observation and exploitation of ocean colour. In the context of the Global Environmental Information System (GEIS) project of SAI, this instrument is also appropriate for the study of terrestrial surfaces, typically the identification and classification of surface types, and the quantitative characterization of the vegetation cover over land. Various approaches can be pursued to extract the desired information from remote sensing data in general and from SeaWiFS observations in particular. This specific project aims at developing a spectral index optimized to monitor the state and evolution of the vegetation cover through an estimation of the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) in the plant canopy on the basis of SeaWiFS data.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 17.
    book
    Europe's changing demography constraints and bottlenecks. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999]
    Add To Cart
     
  • 18.
    book
    The international measurement evaluation programme : IMEP-8 carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in C02 : certification report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999]
    Summary
    The International Measurement Evaluation Programme, IMEP, was established in order to shed light on the actual state of practice in amount ratio measurements and are coordinated by IRMM, Geel. Previous IMEP rounds focused on trace elements in water samples, in polyethylene and in human serum. IMEP-8 however dealt with carbon and oxygen isotope amount ratios in C02(g). Laboratories working in various areas participated in this round (food, drinks, geochemistry, clinical, atmospheric chemistry ...) including members of the SM & Τ Thematic Network FIT (No. SMT4-CT95-7500) and laboratories selected by European Accreditation. The International Measurement Evaluation Programme is a tool with which field laboratories can compare their results against SI traceable reference values. In IMEP-8 two Certified Test Samples (CTS) with undisclosed values were distributed to participants and they were asked to return values together with uncertainty statements claiming to contain the so-called "true values". The aim of this IMEP round was to give an objective picture of the state-of-the-practice (SoP) of the isotope amount ratio measurements of carbon and oxygen in field laboratories. Also, these results were compared to reference values traceable to the VPDB scale (i.e. artefact based scale used internationally) and traceable to the SI (i.e. the International System of measurements). This certification report explains how both these reference are obtained, and presents all measurement data and methods used to obtain these IMEP-8 reference values for carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in CO2 (i.e. n(13C)/n(12C) and n(180)/«(160) or delta values δ CVPDB and δ OVPDB).
    Add To Cart
     
  • 19.
    book
    The international measurement evaluation programme : IMEP-8 46, n(13C)/n(uC) and nCO)/n(lbO) in C02 [carbon and oxygen isotope ratios in C02] : report to participants. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Brussels : European Commission, [1999]
    Summary
    In IMEP-8, two samples of high purity C02, with different carbon and oxygen isotope ratios were distributed to 27 participants, coming from 14 countries and from various isotopie measurement domains (geochemistry, atmospheric and food chemistry). In total 19 laboratories reported results. The outcome of this exercise shows that most of the laboratories reported results which are in good agreement. The majority of the reported δVPDB (carbon) for both materials vary over about 1/1000 . For the reported δVPDΒ (oxygen) however, for both samples, two groups of participants are identified from which the results within the group vary over about 2/1000 but the overall spread of the reported results is about 11/1000. The latter seems to be an 'anomaly' caused by the confusion in the commonly used system in oxygen isotope measurements for reporting δVPDB values. Some participants reported δVPDB instead of δVPDB. As requested, participants reported also the isotope ratio for carbon and oxygen in the C02 samples. For carbon, all reported results for both materials agree with the Craig traceable reference value. For oxygen all results are in good agreement and deviate (in a relative way) from the Craig reference value by about 0.5 %. Work carried out at IRMM shows that the Si-traceable reference values for carbon for both samples are moved away from the Craig traceable ones by as much as 10/1000, whereas in the case of oxygen, this deviation is far smaller.
    Add To Cart
     
  • 20.
    book
    Natural resources and the environment panel report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [OPOCE], [1999]
    Summary
    Despite the fact that the 'environment' has continued to hit the headlines for many years, there is still a tendency to underestimate environmental problems, under-appreciate their complexity, and postpone timely action. It is, however, generally accepted that a balance between concern for the environment and concern for the economy has to be established. The notion of sustainability has been introduced as a means to address the globality of these elements: concern for the environment is also concern for the economy and societal wellbeing. However, the questions: how far to go, how to act, and - in particular - when to act are still frustratingly complex. The environmental debate is complicated by a number of elements: environmental damage is sometimes immediate and easy to observe, sometimes delayed, complex or not fully understood. Impacts on the economy of regulations to protect the environment are difficult to assess. Benefits to the economy of protecting the environment can be even more difficult to estimate (for example, improvements to health). Furthermore, those that enjoy the benefits are also often not those that directly pay the costs. The costs are usually immediate while the benefits may be far away in the future. And finally, the environmental problems and their solutions are increasingly global, and their size indicates that they are most likely to have major impacts on the economy. This report is the result of a number of meetings and other contributions of the Expert Panel on Natural Resources and the Environment. The result, however, is the sole responsibility of the drafting group. The report first reviews the environmental situation in Europe: to what extent have we achieved a better environment and what are the unsolved or partly solved environmental problems that remain, the policy strategies proposed and the costs and benefits involved. Separate sections of the report deal with major problem areas like energy and climate change, transport and mobility, and water. The final section provides a look into how some advanced businesses have been and are coping with the demand for cleaner production and products.
    Add To Cart
     
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Next >