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1.

JRC MARS bulletin, Global outlook ... European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2017]-

2.

Landings by EU-8 Member States from the United Kingdom’s exclusive economic zone [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2017.

Summary

In a communication of 24 November 2016 from the Director General of DG MARE, Mr Joao Aguiar Machado, to the Director General of the JRC, Mr Vladimir Sucha, the JRC was requested to carry out an analysis to determine the proportions of fish stocks distributed in the waters of the various Member States and of the catches of such fish and in particular, as a matter of urgency, to obtain the best possible information on catches (and the value of those catches) taken from the UK EEZ by EU-27 states. Subsequent to that communication a meeting between representatives from the relevant EU-27 Member States (BE, DE, DK, ES, FR, IE, NL, SE, herafter referred to as the EU-8), DG MARE and JRC was held on 16 December 2016 to discuss the approach to be taken and the timeline. At that meeting it was agreed that during January 2017, Member States would be given the opportunity to resubmit data for cases where there was the need to amend the data previously submitted under the 2016 DCF Fleet Economic and FDI data calls (e.g. 2015 landings data were preliminary in the 2016 Fleet economics data call). It was also agreed that the JRC would provide its data upload facility, compile and analyse the data submitted by Member States and produce a report containing as primary product, 5-year averages of estimates of landings in weight and value by each (relevant) Member State from the UK EEZ, also expressed as percentage of total MS landings and value, plus tables of the breakdown of such estimates by fish species and Member State. This report presents the results of the analyses undertaken by the JRC.

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3.

Consumer footprint [er] : basket of products indicator on household goods. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

The Consumer Footprint aims at assessing the potential environmental impacts due to consumption. The calculation of the Consumer Footprint of the European Union (EU) is based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of representative products (or services) purchased and used in one year by an EU citizen. This report details the subset indicator of the basket of products (BoP) on household goods, which is built to assess the impact associated to household goods in the EU, from raw material extraction to end of life. The reference flow is the amount of household goods purchased and used by an average EU citizen in a reference year (2010). It consists of a process-based life cycle inventory model for a basket of products that represents the most relevant household goods product groups, selected by a number of criteria, including importance in terms of mass, relevance in economic value, and listed in the products for which an Ecolabel has been defined. In total, 30 representative products were modelled, considering the following product groups: detergents, rinse-off cosmetics, absorbent hygiene products, furniture, bed mattresses, footwear, clothes (textile products), and paper products. The Consumer Footprint for the BoP household goods is assessed using 15 environmental impact categories as for the ILCD impact assessment method and running a sensitivity with the Environmental Footprint method (EF 3.0). Results for the year 2010 show that the most impacting life cycle stage for the majority of products is the manufacture of components (raw materials, ingredients or intermediate products) that are used to produce the final products. The product groups that emerge as hotspots in most of the impact categories are detergents, furniture, paper products, and clothes. The role of this product groups rely not only on a high environmental impact intensity per single product but also on a large consumption intensity by EU citizen. The step of impact normalization and equal weighting of impact categories highlights that the most relevant impacts of the BoP household goods occur in human toxicity (cancer and non-cancer effects), resource depletion (and especially fossil resources), and ionising radiation. The relative share of these categories varies according to the set of normalisation factors used (EU-27 or global references). The employment of the weighting set of the EF method increases the relevance of climate change and resource use, while decreasing the importance of human toxicity. When considering the EF3.0 impact method, freshwater ecotoxicity becomes the most relevant impact category, followed by ionising radiation and fossil resources use. An assessment of the year 2015 unveils an increasing trend of the environmental impact due to a larger consumption, partially associated to an increased population from EU-27 to EU-28 (inclusion of Croatia). The Consumer Footprint BoP household goods baseline has been assessed against 10 eco-innovation scenarios, referring to improvement options related to the main drivers of impact (e.g. components manufacture) and acting on the most relevant product groups. Among the scenarios assessed, the options that allow for a higher reduction of impacts are the ones related to the use of less impacting electricity mixes in the production phase and to the reuse of products (clothes and furniture). Six scenarios were specifically aimed at assessing the impact of substituting some average products (namely liquid soap, shampoo, dishwasher detergent, laundry detergent, and upholstered seat) with products that are compliant with the EU Ecolabel criteria. Results show that the environmental profile of EU Ecolabelled products is generally better than the one of the average products in the market and reduces the environmental impact of their product group (e.g. laundry and dishwasher detergent for the detergents product group). However, the effect that the choice of EU Ecolabelled products had on the overall impact coming from purchase and use of household goods resulted to be relatively limited mainly due to the relative share of the tested products over the entire environmental impacts of the BoP (from 0.4% to 7.0% of the overall normalized impact for the entire baseline BoP). Moreover, each EU Ecolabel scenario was assuming a 100% replacement of the product on the market with an EU Ecolabel option. This means that under more realistic market shares, the contribution to impact reduction is even lower as the replacement share of each assessed product would be smaller. However, the scenarios assess specific products rather than all the variety of household goods under the EU Ecolabel scheme and, thereby, the overall effect of the EU Ecolabel scheme was not the goal of this assessment. Furthermore, the results of LCA focused on the specific impact categories which are currently part of the Environmental Footprint method. This means that certain aspects covered by Ecolabel criteria (such as biodegradability) are not accounted for. Regarding the role of consumers, the study showed that users' behaviour could have a relevant effect on the impact of household goods consumption. For instance, for detergents and personal care products, a relevant share of the improvement potential is related to a proper use by consumers (e.g. by saving water and energy and avoiding overdosing during the use phase). For this reason, promoting purchase of more sustainable products may not be sufficient to reduce the environmental impacts of consumption, but it has to be accompanied with complementary actions. In the case of household goods, awareness campaigns towards a more responsible consumption behaviour showed a large potential in improving the environmental impacts related to the use (e.g. dosage, energy use) and end of life cycle stages (e.g. reuse of products).

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4.

The techno-economic segment analysis of the Earth observation ecosystem [er] : the TES approach applied to the EO worldwide ecosystem. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

This report analyses the worldwide landscape of the Earth observation ecosystem to identify opportunities, synergies, and obstacles that need to be addressed to foster the development of a vibrant space data economy in Europe. The report uses the Techno-Economic Segment (TES) analytical approach to provide a holistic view of the EO and geospatial ecosystem in Europe and worldwide through the identification of players and key clusters of activities. It also takes into consideration the potential flows of knowledge resulting from shared activities, locations and technological fields. The approach adopts a micro-based perspective considering a wide range of both horizontal and segment specific data sources. The outcome is a compelling characterisation of the key features of this very dynamic ecosystem. The TES EO ecosystem shows a very diverse global landscape with three distinguished global hubs, namely EU28, China and the US, as possible incubators for EO-linked innovation. Those hubs have the largest number of players in case of R&D and well as in case of industry. Nevertheless, the distribution of EO activities and concentration of those activities look quite different in the three leading macro areas. As far as the R&D activities are considered, the EU28 has the highest overall number of players involved in the all types of R&D activities, but scores quite low if only the patents are taken into account. Out of the three big players, the US has the smallest number of players involved in the overall EO R&D and stable position in number of patenting. In case of China, the largest number of R&D activities is concentrated in hands of relatively few players. In conclusion, the findings of this report confirm a general expectation about the growth in the EO downstream segment. However, up to 2017 the growth has not been staggering. Since 2017, there have been continuous policy efforts to increase the uptake of EO data in order to enable market growth.

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5.

Marketing of food, non-alcoholic, and alcoholic beverages [er] : a toolkit to support the development and update of codes of conduct. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

This document is a toolkit to support EU Member States in developing and updating their food, non-alcoholic, and alcoholic beverages marketing-related policies, also in the context of the transposition of the revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) into national legislation. - It is intended as a practical tool for regulators to reduce the exposure of children to audiovisual commercial communications of ‘foods and beverages that are high in salt, sugars, fat, saturated fats or trans fatty acids’ (HFSS foods) or ‘that otherwise do not fit national or international nutritional guidelines’, and of ‘alcoholic beverages’ as stated in the revised AVMSD. - The toolkit provides a) a possible structure for a code of conduct on such marketing, b) a checklist and c) practical guidance. Guidance is given in the form of concrete examples extracted from existing codes implemented in Europe and beyond. - The toolkit includes a range of examples and considerations that each EU Member State may wish to use, adapt, discuss and reflect on, in respect of subsidiarity and national needs and contexts. - EU Member States have reported difficulties and common challenges including on digital marketing. This toolkit also offers some insights on potential ways to address them. - This document is to be viewed and kept as a living text; regular updates are planned to ensure that its usefulness is safeguarded and improved. EU Member States and other stakeholders are therefore encouraged to assess how this document is used and with what results, and provide feedback on how it can be improved.

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6.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) evaluation of a prototype solar-charged electric race-car [er] : radiated and conducted emissions based on CISPR 12 and IEC 61851-21-1 automotive EMC standards and exploratory EMC tests. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

EMC is an indispensable process throughout the design and manufacturing cycle of any electrical and electronic product. Prior to their launch on the market, these must comply and conform to a series of applicable EMC standards and regulations that aim to protect equipment against EMI. This is more than crucial to automotive EMC as it is associated with the operation of the vehicle’s modules and hence the functional safety and reliability of the system against unintentional and intentional EM disturbances. This report presents and analyses the results of EMC laboratory measurements, based on CISPR 12 and IEC 61851-21-1, of a prototype solar-charged electric race-car during driving and charging conditions. The structure of the report is as follows: Section 1 outlines fundamental aspects of EMC and EMI applicable to the electric driven vehicles. Section 2 gives a background of the current automotive EMC regulatory procedures and provides information about the maximum allowed limits. Description of the EMC test facility and the instrumentation used during the measurements is provided on Section 3. Section 4 presents the results of the EMC tests in accordance with the standards, complemented by exploratory test methods, while Section 5 concludes on the main findings of the EMC measurement activity of the prototype vehicle.

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7.

ARTEFACTS [er] : how do we to deal with the future of our one and only planet? European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

In the summer of 2017, the European Commission’s Science and Knowledge Service, the Joint Research Centre (JRC), decided to try working hand-in-hand with leading European science centres and museums. Behind this decision was the idea that the JRC could better support EU institutions in engaging with the European public. The fact that EU policies are firmly based on scientific evidence is a strong message which the JRC is uniquely able to illustrate. Such a collaboration would not only provide a platform to explain the benefits of EU policies to our daily lives but also provide an opportunity for European citizens to engage by taking a more active part in the EU policy-making process for the future. To test the idea, the JRC launched an experimental programme to work with science museums: a perfect partner for three compelling reasons. Firstly, they attract a large and growing number of visitors. Leading science museums in Europe have typically 500 000 visitors per year. Furthermore, they are based in large European cities and attract local visitors as well as tourists from across Europe and beyond. The second reason for working with museums is that they have mastered the art of how to communicate key elements of sophisticated arguments across to the public and making complex topics of public interest readily accessible. That is a high-value added skill and a crucial part of the valorisation of public-funded research, never to be underestimated. Finally museums are, at present, undergoing something of a renaissance. Museums today are vibrant environments offering new techniques and technologies to both inform and entertain, and attract visitors of all demographics.

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8.

Access to finance and labor market performance in the EU 28 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

This paper examines the relationship between access to finance and labor market performance in the EU28 for the period 2003-2017. For this purpose, we first construct a composite indicator to measure access to finance by equal-weighting information about days needed to be paid, rejected loans, the willingness of banks to provide a loan, interest rate for small loans, venture capital, private equity, business angels, and public funding. Secondly, using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS), we estimate the relationship between the employment and unemployment growth rates on our access to finance indicator while controlling for main macroeconomic variables. Our results suggest that improved access to finance is likely to stimulate labor market performance - increased access to finance generates increased employment growth rates, and decreased unemployment growth rates respectively. Findings contribute to empirical literature and have important policy implications. Improving business environment conditions for SMEs through access to finance could improve labor market outcomes.

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9.

Cyber chronix. Episódio 1, obtenção de dados [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

O Cyber Chronix é um jogo de sensibilização dos riscos tendo em conta a privacidade e os direitos de proteção de dados presentes no Regulamento Geral de Proteção de Dados (RGPD) Europeu. O RGPD é aplicável desde 25 de maio de 2018. Destina-se à proteção mais eficaz da privacidade e dos dados pessoais dos cidadãos. Mas o que é que isto significa para a tua vida quotidiana? Junta-te ao Iggy e aos seus amigos nesta aventura e descobre!

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10.

Cyber chronix. Episodio 1, Alla ricerca di dati [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

Cyber Chronix è uno strumento ludo-educativo per sensibilizzare i cittadini sui diritti in materia di protezione dei dati personali e i rischi connessi alla violazione della privacy. Il Regolamento Generale sulla Protezione dei Dati è applicabile nell’Unione Europea dal 25 maggio 2018. Che significato ha per la tua vita di tutti i giorni? Unisciti a Iggy e ai suoi amici in questa avventura e scoprilo!

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11.

Servicios del JRC [er] : manual para las autoridades nacionales, regionales y locales sobre cómo y por qué colaborar con el servicio de ciencia y conocimiento de la Comisión Europea. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

El manual ofrece una amplia visión general de las capacidades en ciencia para la formulación de políticas del Centro Común de Investigación (Joint Research Centre - JRC) para ayudar a los gobiernos e instituciones nacionales a alcanzar sus objetivos sobre una base de pruebas sólidas. Los servicios se presentan tanto en una sección temática que abarca diferentes ámbitos políticos como en una sección horizontal que abarca una oferta más genérica, como: acceso a datos e infraestructuras, educación y formación o materiales de referencia certificados. El manual va dirigido principalmente al personal de las administraciones de los Estados miembros de la UE y a los países asociados a Horizonte 2020, pero también puede interesar a organizaciones científicas nacionales y regionales, académicos y responsables políticos.

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12.

Servicios del JRC : manual para las autoridades nacionales, regionales y locales sobre cómo y por qué colaborar con el servicio de ciencia y conocimiento de la Comisión Europea. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

El manual ofrece una amplia visión general de las capacidades en ciencia para la formulación de políticas del Centro Común de Investigación (Joint Research Centre - JRC) para ayudar a los gobiernos e instituciones nacionales a alcanzar sus objetivos sobre una base de pruebas sólidas. Los servicios se presentan tanto en una sección temática que abarca diferentes ámbitos políticos como en una sección horizontal que abarca una oferta más genérica, como: acceso a datos e infraestructuras, educación y formación o materiales de referencia certificados. El manual va dirigido principalmente al personal de las administraciones de los Estados miembros de la UE y a los países asociados a Horizonte 2020, pero también puede interesar a organizaciones científicas nacionales y regionales, académicos y responsables políticos.

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13.

Cyber chronix. Episode 1, Finding data [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication	Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.
Summary	Cyber Chronix is a game raising awareness on privacy risks and data protection rights in the new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The GDPR applies as of 25 May 2018. It aims to better protect the privacy and personal data of citizens. But what does it mean for your every day life? Join Iggy and his friends in this adventure and discover it!

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14.

Practical guidelines on open education for academics [er] : modernising higher education via open educational practices (based on the OpenEdu Framework). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

These guidelines are for the academic staﬀ of higher education institutions, with the goal of helping them move towards the use of open educational practices (OEP) in order to widen participation in education. The guidelines are meant to provide an understanding of each of the ten dimensions of open education based on the OpenEdu Framework (JRC, 2016), and to show how academics can start using OEP to prompt inclusion and innovation as important values, starting from their day-to-day activities such as teaching, knowledge creation and research.

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15.

Decarbonising the EU heating sector [er] : integration of the power and heating sector. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

The heating and cooling sector has been recognised, by the EC, as a priority to achieve the decarbonisation and energy efficiency targets. Heating and cooling in the built environment accounts for almost 40% of the total final energy demand in Europe. Heating as a predominant end use has strong interconnections with many energy sectors and carriers. Thus, this report focuses on the integration of the heat and power sectors and how an effective integration can contribute to the energy efficiency and the climate change mitigation targets. The first part of the study presents the heating sector in the built environment describing a detailed energy break down, and related costs, emissions and efficiencies. Then, the concept of system integration of heating and power is examined presenting its merits and challenges. The second part of the study focuses on the assessment of two clean transitions pathways of the heating sector, namely electrification of heat and efficient heat and power production and district heating network. Both of them are examined from the power system perspective based on a detailed model of the European power system.

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16.

Artificial intelligence at the JRC [er] : survey results. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication	Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.
Summary	This report presents the results of a survey on Artificial Intelligence (AI) at JRC –run from the 18th of May to the 06th of June 6 2018. The questionnaire was completed by 108 respondents (74% men and 26% women) from 29 different Units. Almost 90% were JRC Contract Agents and Administrators.

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17.

Evaluation of the field comparison exercise for PM10 and PM2.5, Ispra, January 18th – March 14th, 2018 [er] : European Commission harmonization program for Air Quality Measurements. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

The Joint Research Centre of the European Union (JRC) is conducting proficiency tests for air pollutants regulated by European Directive [1]. For National Reference Laboratories of the EU participation is obligatory with the scope to demonstrate comparability between Member States. An inter-laboratory comparison exercise (ILC) for the determination of PM mass concentration with the reference gravimetric method (EN 12341:2014) was organised for the first time at European level in 2015 in Ispra, Italy. The second ILC of this kind took place in 2018. Such an ILC comprises the comparison between the samplers used by the various participants and includes the whole implementation of the reference method. Samplers are therefore co-located for several days so that the number of test samples is large enough for statistical analyses. Thanks to the great interest for this type of ILC and to the commitment from the AQUILA Network members, 26 Laboratories plus the European Reference Laboratory for Air Pollution deployed their instruments at a single place in the premises of the Joint Research Centre in Ispra (Italy) during the same period of time (18 Januar – 14 March 2018). 28 samplers and one automatic analyser for PM10 and 23 samplers and one automatic analyser for PM2.5 collected ambient aerosol samples. Gravimetric analyses of the filters before and after sampling were performed by the participants in their own laboratories following their own conditioning and filter handling procedures. The assigned daily values for PM10 and PM2.5 were calculated as the robust average of all participants. They ranged from 5.8 to 76.6 μg/m³ for PM10, and from 4.8 to 69.2 μg/m³ for PM2.5. The scope of this inter-laboratory comparison was to assess the robustness of the measurement process and to determine the performance of the participants’ procedures. From the statistical analyses, conclusions on the performance of the method could also be drawn. The reproducibility of the method was 11% for both PM10 and PM2.5. After excluding blunders, for PM10, out of 1470 reported daily values, 38 (2.6%) were found to be unsatisfactory with respect to the z’-score criterion (z’≥3). For PM2.5, out of 1203 daily averages, only 8 (0.7%) showed an unsatisfactory result. Questionable results (3>z’>2) amounted 2.8% and 5.7% of all PM10 and PM2.5 data, respectively. The En-score, which takes into account also the uncertainties reported by the participants, exceeded the critical threshold (En≥1) for 6.3% and 9.3% of the PM10 and PM2.5 reported data, respectively. The overall results of the ILC show a similar performance as in 2015, which suggests that the measurement procedures have already reached a rather high level of quality.

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18.

European atlas of natural radiation [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication	Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.
Edition	1st edition.
Summary	Do you know what natural ionising radiation is? Where can you find natural resources of radiation? What are the levels of natural sources of radiation in Europe? Do you know the pathways of ionising radiation? Natural radionuclides, both terrestrial and cosmogenic, migrate in the environment through different pathways: air, water, rock, soil and the food chain. Radionuclides may then enter the human body through ingestion (food and drinking water) and inhalation giving, so-called, internal exposure. External exposure is due to cosmic radiation and radiation from terrestrial radionuclides present in soil, rock and building materials. The first ever 'European atlas of natural radiation' uses informative texts, stunning photographs and striking maps to answer and explain these and other questions.

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19.

SERA – CEN/TC 250/SC 8, workshop on seismic hazard [er] : SERA deliverable 2.13. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2018.

Summary

The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission organised within the SERA communication activities a workshop on seismic hazard assessment, together with SERA partners and experts from CEN/TC 250/SC 8, which are responsible for the development of Eurocode 8. The objectives of the workshop were to provide first-hand insights into the outputs of SERA, link SERA activities with other scientific efforts in the field, and ensure a widely accepted basis for the development of the new European Seismic Hazard Model. The workshop was attended by about 40 participants, including SERA partners, experts and national delegates in CEN/TC 250/SC 8, researchers, academics and practitioners with experience in seismic hazard assessment. SERA and CEN/TC 250/SC 8 agreed to further strengthen collaboration with the objective of optimizing efforts and results in order to ensure consistency of requirements and outputs, and investigate the means for Eurocode 8 to take profit of the research performed by SERA to advance towards a harmonised European seismic zonation.

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20.

Invasive alien species impact on ecosystem services [er] : Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) case study. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2019.

Summary

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) represent a major threat to the biodiversity in Europe and worldwide, and can cause significant damages to the ecology, economy and livelihood of recipient countries. Recognising the need for a coordinated set of actions for the prevention, early eradication and management of IAS, the European Parliament and the Council adopted the EU Regulation 1143/2014 (hereafter referred as the IAS Regulation). In this context, the EU Member States have given priority to a subset of species (IAS of Union concern) in relation to their potential to cause severe damages, justifying the adoption of dedicated measures at EU level. Despite the availability of several methodologies for the impact assessment of IAS, there is still a dearth of attention and interest on their effects on socio-economic aspects at EU level. An approach for the assessment of socio-economic impacts of IAS is needed to better perceive the potential damages caused by alien species, in support to the implementation of the IAS Regulation, with particular reference to the enforcement of Art. 5.1, dictating the inclusion in the species' risk assessment of a description of the adverse impact on biodiversity, related ecosystem services (ES), and the cost of damage. ES can be evaluated and used to estimate the benefits deriving from nature conservation and justify costs of interventions. We argue that the same approach can be followed to estimate the adverse impact of IAS on our society, in relation to biodiversity loss and services decline. With this report we present a novel approach for the assessment of IAS impact on ES in the implementation of the IAS Regulation, which we named ‘Classification of Invasive Alien Taxa Impacts on Ecosystem Services’ (CATIES). The approach was applied for evaluating the impact of the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, on pollination service. The first steps include a thorough scientific literature review to retrieve all the available ecological information on the species, and the development of the species-specific framework to analyse the impacts on ES. In a second phase, we produced distribution maps overlapping the species' range with the distribution of ES in the EU. Finally, we measured V. velutina nigrithorax related economic loss by means of fruit trees production reduction in response to predation of pollinating insects. The present work represents a case study on the impact IAS of Union concern may have on the environment's capacity to provide ES, and to quantify the value of the economic losses caused by these species.

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