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  • 1.
    book.ebook
    Monitoring SMEs performance in Europe [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW), with the scientific support by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), assesses the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Europe. We study performance in eleven principles: (1) Entrepreneurship, (2) ‘Second chance’, (3) ‘Think small first’, (4) ‘Responsive administration’, (5) State aid & public procurement, (6) Access to finance, (7) Single market, (8) Skills and innovation, (9) Environment, (10) Internationalization and (11) Digitalization. This JRC technical report describes the underlying rationale for the quantitative measurement of these principles. It discusses the methodological approach to calculate how countries perform in the outlined principles. This takes into account the choice of the indicators, the data quality controls (including missing data and outliers), normalization and weightings, and the statistical coherence and robustness checks of the 2020 edition.
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  • 2.
    book
    European research and innovation in aviation emissions reduction : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Research and innovation is highly important for the development and adoption of new aviation concepts and technologies. This report provides an analysis of research and innovation initiatives in Europe in aviation, with a focus on emissions reduction. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission's Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report addresses aviation research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 3.
    book.ebook
    European research and innovation in aviation emissions reduction [er] : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Research and innovation is highly important for the development and adoption of new aviation concepts and technologies. This report provides an analysis of research and innovation initiatives in Europe in aviation, with a focus on emissions reduction. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission's Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report addresses aviation research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 4.
    book.ebook
    ELISE Workshop at DigitALL conference [er] : enabling the interoperability of digital government from a location perspective. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This document is a report of a workshop held by the European Location Interoperability Solutions for e-Government (ELISE) action of the Interoperability solutions for public administrations, businesses and citizens (ISA²) programme, at the DigitALL Public conference, the online closing event of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) Digital and the ISA² programmes. Together with the Member States, these programmes have helped build cross-border public services for citizens, provided free interoperable solutions to companies and connected various organisations in different sectors. The conference celebrated achievements in the two programmes while looking ahead towards Europe's digital future and the beginning of the new Digital Europe Programme (DEP). During the workshop, speakers and panellists from the European Commission and public administrations in the Member States, industry and international organisations showcased through user stories examples of good practices developed through ELISE support. After an introduction on ELISE by Francesco Pignatelli, ELISE Action Leader at the EU Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), in the first session of the workshop, Ray Boguslawski - external consultant for the Joint Research Centre and three guest speakers, Miguel Alvarez Rodriguez - Programme Manager at the European Commission DG Informatics (DG DIGIT), Andrea Halmos - Policy Officer at the European Commission DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CNECT), and Tomaž Petek - Director General at the Surveying and Mapping Authority in Slovenia, provided their perspectives on the value and role of a Location Interoperability Framework (the EULF Blueprint) and its relationship with the European Interoperability Framework (EIF). In the second session, Lorena Hernández Quirós from the Joint Research Centre and three guest speakers, Joeri Robbrecht - Policy Analyst at the European Commission DG Environment (DG ENV), Ine De Visser - Standards Advisor at Geonovum, and Gobe Hobona - Director of Product Management, Standards at the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), provided their perspectives on the reuse of tools for interoperable location data and reporting. They highlighted, in particular, the role of the two ELISE flagship solutions, Re3gistry and INSPIRE Reference Validator. In the third session, Giacomo Martirano – external consultant for the Joint Research Centre and three guest speakers, Gabriele Ciasullo - "Database and Open Data" Service Responsible at the Italian Agency for Digital Identity (AgID), Italy, Gema Hernández Moral - Project manager and researcher at CARTIF, Spain, and Volker Coors - Scientific Director at Institute of Applied Research, Germany, provided their perspectives on the reuse of location data interoperability principles and methodologies in different sectors. The latter was demonstrated through various pilots and applications carried out under the ELISE action. In the fourth session, Simon Vrečar – external consultant for the Joint Research Centre and three guest speakers, Morten Borrabaek - Mapping Authority, Norway, Eva Pauknerová – CUZK, Czechia, and Ricardo Vitorino – Ubiwhere, Portugal, provided different perspectives on user-driven approaches regarding location interoperability. The highlights were on how knowledge transfer can help achieve interoperability benefits. Finally, the workshop concluded with a panel session where attendees gave their views on the future importance of location interoperability and how initiatives can provide the necessary support.
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  • 5.
    book.ebook
    S3 Newsletter Special Issue. April 2021 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
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  • 6.
    book.ebook
    Assessing smart specialisation [er] : the entrepreneurial discovery process. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) is widely conceived as an inclusive, evidence-based process of stakeholder engagement that produces information about the potential for new activities, thus enabling effective targeting of research and innovation policy. How this interactive process should be stimulated and organised remains highly context-dependent. This document analyses new evidence collected on the smart specialisation policy experience across European Union (EU) regions and countries during the 2014-2020 programming period as part of a broader analytical exercise carried out by the smart Specialisation Platform of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). To this end, the document is developed in six sections. After an introduction, section 2 reviews existing literature related to the entrepreneurial discovery process with a specific focus on the mechanisms and practices used by countries and regions to foster entrepreneurial discovery processes within their Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3). Section 3 and 4 explain the research questions addressed by this study and the data and methodology applied. Section 5 presents and analyses the main findings of our study. Finally, section 6 provides some final thoughts and conclusions.
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  • 7.
    book.ebook
    Economic complexity analytics [er] : country factsheets. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Economic Complexity is a framework building on earlier evolutionary and institutional literature (Hirschman 1958, Cimoli and Dosi 1995, Teece, et al. 1994) to tackle the complexity of economic systems. It describes the economy as an evolutionary process of globally interconnected ecosystems. The framework shifts the focus of economic analysis from aggregate quantities - i.e. ‘how much’ a country makes (What is the GDP of the country? How many patents are published?) - to their underlying components - i.e. ‘what’ a country makes (In which industrial sectors does the country specialize? Which patents are published?) - with the aim to provide complementary information to more conventional macroeconomic analysis. Indeed, looking at what a country is able to do provides a clearer understanding of the underlying dynamical capabilities of the national innovation and industrial system: while a country can have high GDP without an advanced and complex economic structure, to export or successfully patent in advanced industries is an unambiguous signal of an advanced economy. The main recent advance vis-à-vis the earlier literature is the use of newly developed approaches from network and complex dynamical systems science (Hausmann and Klinger 2006, Hidalgo and Hausmann 2009, Tacchella, Cristelli, et al. 2012) to extract information from country specialization patterns as a machine learning problem. This approach offers the potential of discussing quantitatively several policy relevant issues that otherwise would only be treated qualitatively or by case studies.
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  • 8.
    book
    Rail transport research and innovation in Europe : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Adequate research and innovation (R&I) is paramount for the seamless development, testing, adoption and integration of new rail concepts and technologies. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I initiatives in Europe in this field. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Information Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically addresses research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 9.
    book.ebook
    Rail transport research and innovation in Europe [er] : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Adequate research and innovation (R&I) is paramount for the seamless development, testing, adoption and integration of new rail concepts and technologies. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I initiatives in Europe in this field. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Information Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically addresses research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    Assessing smart specialisation [er] : governance. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This reports provides some insights on the impact of Smart Specialisation on the governance of research and innovation policy systems across EU regions and countries. First, the analysis explores the governance arrangements underpinning Smart Specialisation strategies and the changes introduced by this policy concept. Second, it investigates to what extent (if any) and how Smart Specialisation has been promoting better coordination and collective action. The results show that Smart Specialisation has made the decision-making process and the governance of innovation policy more inclusive. One of the results of this policy experience is the reorganisation and/or establishment of coordination bodies, platforms, thematic working groups, clusters and the like. These organisations are reshaping and strengthening networks of engagement and modalities of cooperation between public and private actors, lowering transaction costs associated with collective action. There is evidence that Smart Specialisation has supported the production of a wide range of tangible and intangible collective goods, which are considered essential in promoting development processes. Finally, under the Smart Specialisation experience, inter-government coordination has received more attention that in the past and, as a result, new norms and arrangements have been experimented. However, despite these changes, and the general increase in pressure for coordination, the effectiveness of horizontal and vertical coordination is still weak. This depends on coordinating bodies and arrangements that are not properly functioning and the persistence of a silo approach in government, which is difficult to overcome. Clearly, this is an area where more efforts are needed in the future, along with the strengthening of the skills and resources to perform policy functions. In view of the new Cohesion Policy 2021-2027, the report provides two main recommendations. First, the Smart Specialisation approach should recognise more explicitly the need for upgrading the quality of governance and policy capacity. Where these elements are weak and/or incomplete they should be addressed with specific measures embedded into strategies and progress should be continuously monitored. Second, territories should discover what governance arrangements work best in their context, preferring the experimentation of new governance structures and processes and the increase of responsibilities and functions of management bodies and other relevant organisations as a result of capacity building processes, to the adoption of ideal models and best practices, which are often formally introduced without promoting real changes.
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  • 11.
    book.ebook
    High growth enterprises in the COVID-19 crisis context [er] : demographics, environmental innovations, digitalization, finance and policy measures. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    High growth enterprises (HGEs) make a disproportionately high contribution to job creation and economic growth. Through their frequently innovative, technology-based character, they also can have a significant impact on industrial renewal, sectoral productivity and regional competitiveness. This report – which follows on from a previous one published just before the outbreak of the COVID- 19 pandemic (Flachenecker et al., 2020) – examines the EU’s economies through the lens of HGEs and those enterprises benefiting from venture capital investments which have the characteristics or aspiration to achieve very high rates of growth. Rather than merely updating the analyses presented last year, this report deepens some specific analyses, for instance regarding eco-innovation, digitalization and the role of HGEs in previous recessions and recoveries. It also updates and improves the indicator framework used to characterise country-specific framework conditions for HGEs and brings into the picture a range of different data sources which permit commentary and insights of relevance to the current crises context. The report also provides in an annex a series of factsheets consisting of snapshot graphs and figures – one for each of the EU27 member states - based on the analyses which are developed collectively for the EU in the main body of the report
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  • 12.
    book.ebook
    Monitoring SMEs’ performance in Europe [er] : methodological assessment of the SME scoreboard 2019. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The European Commission’s Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (DG GROW), with the scientific support by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC), assesses the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Europe, depending on the performance in the ten principles of: (1) Entrepreneurship, (2) ‘Second chance’, (3) ‘Think small first’, (4) ‘Responsive administration’, (5) State aid & public procurement, (6) Access to finance, (7) Single market, (8) Skills and innovation, (9) Environment, and (10) Internationalisation. This JRC technical report describes the underlying rationale for the quantitative measurement of these principles. It discusses the methodological approach to calculate how countries perform in the outlined principles. This takes into account the choice of the indicators, the data quality controls (including missing data and outliers), normalization and weightings, and the statistical coherence and robustness checks of the 2019 edition.
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  • 13.
    book.ebook
    Interregional cooperation and smart specialisation [er] : a lagging regions perspective. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report has been prepared as part of the Lagging Regions project of the JRC, which aims to support the implementation of Smart Specialisation Strategies in selected low-growth and less developed regions in EU member states. In the 2021-2027 programming period, smart specialisation strategies will be required to meet a series of fulfilment criteria around the relevant "enabling condition" of good governance. One such criterion relates to international collaboration, or ‘measures for enhancing cooperation with partners in different countries in areas designated as priority areas for smart specialisation’. Within this context of a new governance framework for a new programming period, the Lagging Regions project aimed to explore the implications for a specific set of regions and develop and disseminate relevant policy lessons. The potential for Lagging Regions to participate in interregional and international cooperation remains underexploited, and this report determines specific challenges as well as potential benefits and opportunities that are relevant for low-growth and low-income regions to support them in their preparations for the 2021-2027 programming period. An exploration of interregional and international cooperation aims to contribute to a better understanding of its role in strengthening innovation ecosystems and its interaction with Smart Specialisation in the context of Lagging Regions.
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  • 14.
    book.ebook
    Higher education for smart specialisation [er] : the case of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This technical report presents the findings of the case study carried out in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace on the role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the design and implementation of the Smart Specialisation Strategy (RIS3). It is one of the case studies undertaken in the project Higher Education for Smart Specialisation (HESS), an initiative of the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for Education, Youth, Sport and Culture. The region is a moderate innovator according to the 2019 Regional Innovation Scoreboard, with important structural weaknesses constrained by horizontal development policies, suffering from its remoteness which affects to its ability to attract and retain talent. It has a comprehensive higher education system, with the Democritus University of Thrace as main regional higher education institution and eleven campuses spread across the Region. The Smart Specialisation Strategy is considered by stakeholders the best available tool to develop a long-term, evidence and place-based regional innovation strategy. The regional and national governance structures and their interaction, as well as the policy mix deployed for the programming period 2014-2020, has limited the capacity of higher education to contribute to regional growth. The partnership between regional administration and HEIs manager seems to have room for improvement, through spaces for dialogue and the co-design of funding instruments that respond to a shared vision of regional challenges. The institutionalisation of HEI third mission could benefit from a performance based type system, as well as the promotion of HEI leadership in a region characterise by a strong disconnect. The new programming period 2021-2027 is an excellent opportunity to strengthen the ambition of the higher education institutions to lead the regional transformation process, through adequately tailored funding instruments and improved peer learning capacity from good practices at EU level.
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  • 15.
    book
    Overview of the existing STI for SDGs roadmapping methodologies : background paper. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This background paper serves as an Annex to the United Nation’s Guidebook for the Preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs Roadmaps. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the existing methodologies and approaches that can be used to develop the Roadmaps. While the first framework for STI for SDGs Roadmaps has been proposed in the UN Guidebook, multiple United Nations (UN) Agencies and other organisations have developed approaches over the years that can successfully support different steps in the new methodology, depending on the capacity and specific needs of interested countries, subnational territories or international partnerships.
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  • 16.
    book.ebook
    Overview of the existing STI for SDGs roadmapping methodologies [er] : background paper. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This background paper serves as an Annex to the United Nation’s Guidebook for the Preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs Roadmaps. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the existing methodologies and approaches that can be used to develop the Roadmaps. While the first framework for STI for SDGs Roadmaps has been proposed in the UN Guidebook, multiple United Nations (UN) Agencies and other organisations have developed approaches over the years that can successfully support different steps in the new methodology, depending on the capacity and specific needs of interested countries, subnational territories or international partnerships.
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  • 17.
    book.ebook
    Guidebook for the preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs roadmaps [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This Guidebook is intended for interested national and local governments, agencies and institutions that wish to use roadmaps as a policy tool to harness STI as a means to achieve the SDGs. It may also be of interest to stakeholders taking part in the dialogue – an essential stage in design, implementation, monitoring and adjustment of the STI for SDGs Roadmaps – and to a wider public audience wishing to advance global and national SDG agendas. The Guidebook first focuses on the design stage of the roadmaps, demonstrating that the design underpins effective implementation and monitoring.
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  • 18.
    book
    Guidebook for the preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs roadmaps European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This Guidebook is intended for interested national and local governments, agencies and institutions that wish to use roadmaps as a policy tool to harness STI as a means to achieve the SDGs. It may also be of interest to stakeholders taking part in the dialogue – an essential stage in design, implementation, monitoring and adjustment of the STI for SDGs Roadmaps – and to a wider public audience wishing to advance global and national SDG agendas. The Guidebook first focuses on the design stage of the roadmaps, demonstrating that the design underpins effective implementation and monitoring.
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  • 19.
    book.ebook
    Future transitions for the bioeconomy towards sustainable development and a climate-neutral economy [er] : modelling needs to integrate all three aspects of sustainability. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The updated EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to develop a sustainable and circular bioeconomy for Europe, strengthening the connection between economy, society, and the environment, thereby addressing global challenges such as meeting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. To guide policy making in the transition, knowledge and forward-looking capacities are needed. These capacities include quantitative modelling tools, which can support a better understanding of the complexity, trade-offs, and potential pathways to achieve the transition. This report (i) analyses the existing capacity and needs for an improved bioeconomy modelling to integrate all three dimensions of sustainability and (ii) provides recommendations for developing new and improved models that are better suited to assist policy making.
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  • 20.
    book.ebook
    The smart specialisation policy experience [er] : perspective of national and regional authorities. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This publication presents the results of a survey, launched in 2020 as part of a research project performed by the Smart Specialisation platform to gain new insights on the Smart Specialisation (S3) policy experience across the European Union (EU). The survey aimed at gathering the views and reflections of S3 implementing authorities on their policy experience. The questionnaire addressed the main tenets of the Smart Specialisation policy concept and consisted of four sections: implementation, governance, Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) and monitoring and evaluation. Survey results provides evidence on the state of implementation, challenges and critical aspects as well as some of the results achieved by this policy experiment in view of the new Cohesion Policy 2021-2027. Overall, we can observe that most strategies are implemented according to the original plans. Nevertheless, the situation varies considerably across categories of territories, with less developed regions exhibiting a poorer implementation performance. Smart Specialisation has supported the adoption and diffusion of more inclusive forms of governance in innovation policy across the EU. Despite the general increase in pressure for coordination and the changes introduced by this policy experiment, the effectiveness of intergovernment coordination mechanisms is still considered weak by many national and regional authorities. Clearly, there is room for further improvements in this area. More efforts are also needed in relation to the skills and resources to perform the policy functions of the management body. Overall, the quality of the contribution of different stakeholders to the entrepreneurial discovery process is considered adequate by the public authorities responsible for the management of the strategy. Relevant partners are considered to have high technical/specialist skills, while their capacities to participate in policy decision-making processes are generally lower. In person meetings are the preferred options to engage stakeholders. This is not surprising, given the potential these meetings offer for deeper interaction. Online platforms appear less popular. However, considered the accelerated learning on virtual forms of engagement that is taking place with the COVID-19 pandemic, the perception on the use of online platforms is likely to change. Finally, survey results show that most of the strategies have a system of result indicators in place. However, the capacity of these indicators to monitor strategy progress is often inadequate. Lack of adequate and timely data is another major critical issue of the S3 monitoring systems, while the integration of the findings of the monitoring and evaluation systems into the next programming period is present in just over 40% of the cases.
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