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1.

Assessing smart specialisation [er] : the entrepreneurial discovery process. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) is widely conceived as an inclusive, evidence-based process of stakeholder engagement that produces information about the potential for new activities, thus enabling effective targeting of research and innovation policy. How this interactive process should be stimulated and organised remains highly context-dependent. This document analyses new evidence collected on the smart specialisation policy experience across European Union (EU) regions and countries during the 2014-2020 programming period as part of a broader analytical exercise carried out by the smart Specialisation Platform of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). To this end, the document is developed in six sections. After an introduction, section 2 reviews existing literature related to the entrepreneurial discovery process with a specific focus on the mechanisms and practices used by countries and regions to foster entrepreneurial discovery processes within their Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3). Section 3 and 4 explain the research questions addressed by this study and the data and methodology applied. Section 5 presents and analyses the main findings of our study. Finally, section 6 provides some final thoughts and conclusions.

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2.

Technology transfer and commercialisation for the European Green Deal [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The rapid deployment of green technologies will be vital to put the EU on a path to meeting the European Green Deal objectives. Many green technologies with a great potential to contribute to the EU’s green transition are currently being developed in research laboratories across the EU. How can we ensure that these novel technologies find the right conditions to mature and become widespread in the EU? What are the main barriers in the transfer of green technologies from the research organisations to the market? And what could facilitate the rapid commercialisation of green technologies? This report on technology transfer and commercialisation for the European Green Deal sets out to answer these questions. A particular focus was placed on barriers and facilitators for green technologies in the areas of EU policy, intellectual property and financing. Four case studies were carried out in the fields of hydrogen, batteries, carbon capture and storage and artificial intelligence. The analysis resulted in policy recommendations on how to facilitate the technology transfer and commercialisation of green technologies. Giving green technologies the best chances to reach market maturity and have an impact in transforming our societies will take us a step closer towards achieving sustainability goals.

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3.

Overview of the existing STI for SDGs roadmapping methodologies : background paper. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This background paper serves as an Annex to the United Nation’s Guidebook for the Preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs Roadmaps. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the existing methodologies and approaches that can be used to develop the Roadmaps. While the first framework for STI for SDGs Roadmaps has been proposed in the UN Guidebook, multiple United Nations (UN) Agencies and other organisations have developed approaches over the years that can successfully support different steps in the new methodology, depending on the capacity and specific needs of interested countries, subnational territories or international partnerships.

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4.

Overview of the existing STI for SDGs roadmapping methodologies [er] : background paper. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This background paper serves as an Annex to the United Nation’s Guidebook for the Preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs Roadmaps. Its purpose is to provide an overview of the existing methodologies and approaches that can be used to develop the Roadmaps. While the first framework for STI for SDGs Roadmaps has been proposed in the UN Guidebook, multiple United Nations (UN) Agencies and other organisations have developed approaches over the years that can successfully support different steps in the new methodology, depending on the capacity and specific needs of interested countries, subnational territories or international partnerships.

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5.

Guidebook for the preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs roadmaps [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This Guidebook is intended for interested national and local governments, agencies and institutions that wish to use roadmaps as a policy tool to harness STI as a means to achieve the SDGs. It may also be of interest to stakeholders taking part in the dialogue – an essential stage in design, implementation, monitoring and adjustment of the STI for SDGs Roadmaps – and to a wider public audience wishing to advance global and national SDG agendas. The Guidebook first focuses on the design stage of the roadmaps, demonstrating that the design underpins effective implementation and monitoring.

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6.

Guidebook for the preparation of Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) for SDGs roadmaps European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This Guidebook is intended for interested national and local governments, agencies and institutions that wish to use roadmaps as a policy tool to harness STI as a means to achieve the SDGs. It may also be of interest to stakeholders taking part in the dialogue – an essential stage in design, implementation, monitoring and adjustment of the STI for SDGs Roadmaps – and to a wider public audience wishing to advance global and national SDG agendas. The Guidebook first focuses on the design stage of the roadmaps, demonstrating that the design underpins effective implementation and monitoring.

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7.

Future transitions for the bioeconomy towards sustainable development and a climate-neutral economy [er] : modelling needs to integrate all three aspects of sustainability. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The updated EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to develop a sustainable and circular bioeconomy for Europe, strengthening the connection between economy, society, and the environment, thereby addressing global challenges such as meeting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. To guide policy making in the transition, knowledge and forward-looking capacities are needed. These capacities include quantitative modelling tools, which can support a better understanding of the complexity, trade-offs, and potential pathways to achieve the transition. This report (i) analyses the existing capacity and needs for an improved bioeconomy modelling to integrate all three dimensions of sustainability and (ii) provides recommendations for developing new and improved models that are better suited to assist policy making.

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8.

Future transitions for the bioeconomy towards sustainable development and a climate-neutral economy [er] : foresight scenarios for the EU bioeconomy in 2050. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The 2018 EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to develop a circular, sustainable bioeconomy for Europe, strengthening the connection between economy, society, and environment. It addresses global challenges such as meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations and the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. A circular, sustainable bioeconomy can be a core instrument for the Green Deal in the post-COVID-19 era, making the EU more sustainable and competitive. In this context, the EC (Joint Research Centre in collaboration with DG Research and Inno-vation) created an ad-hoc external Network of Experts (NoE) through individual contracts to contribute to the EC’s Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy with forward-looking analysis needed for exploring possible scenarios towards a sustainable, clean, and resource-efficient bioeconomy, with a focus on climate-neutrality and sustainable development. The first work package concerned knowledge synthesis and foresight. This report presents the results of a collaborative foresight process which elaborated four scenarios for the future EU bioeconomy until 2050: Scenario 1: Do it for us - proactive policy, Paris target nearly achieved (2 °C global temperature increase by 2100), no societal change (Business As Usual trend for consumption) Scenario 2: Do it together – integrative policy, Paris target fully achieved (1.5 °C global temp. increase by 2100), fundamental societal change (towards sustainable consumption) Scenario 3: Do it ourselves - societal action, Paris target missed (global temperature increase 2.5 °C by 2100), fundamental societal change (towards sustainable consumption) Scenario 4: Do what is unavoidable - reactive policy, Paris target clearly missed (3.5 °C global temperature increase by 2100), no societal change (Business As Usual trend for consumption) Finally, this report presents initial reflections on transition pathways gained from these scenarios in 2050, and insights for the future of the bioeconomy in Europe, and abroad, with a focus on implementing a circular, sustainable, and transformative BioWEconomy, not only in the EU, but globally.

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9.

Future transitions for the bioeconomy towards sustainable development and a climate-neutral economy : foresight scenarios for the EU bioeconomy in 2050. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The 2018 EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to develop a circular, sustainable bioeconomy for Europe, strengthening the connection between economy, society, and environment. It addresses global challenges such as meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations and the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. A circular, sustainable bioeconomy can be a core instrument for the Green Deal in the post-COVID-19 era, making the EU more sustainable and competitive. In this context, the EC (Joint Research Centre in collaboration with DG Research and Inno-vation) created an ad-hoc external Network of Experts (NoE) through individual contracts to contribute to the EC’s Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy with forward-looking analysis needed for exploring possible scenarios towards a sustainable, clean, and resource-efficient bioeconomy, with a focus on climate-neutrality and sustainable development. The first work package concerned knowledge synthesis and foresight. This report presents the results of a collaborative foresight process which elaborated four scenarios for the future EU bioeconomy until 2050: Scenario 1: Do it for us - proactive policy, Paris target nearly achieved (2 °C global temperature increase by 2100), no societal change (Business As Usual trend for consumption) Scenario 2: Do it together – integrative policy, Paris target fully achieved (1.5 °C global temp. increase by 2100), fundamental societal change (towards sustainable consumption) Scenario 3: Do it ourselves - societal action, Paris target missed (global temperature increase 2.5 °C by 2100), fundamental societal change (towards sustainable consumption) Scenario 4: Do what is unavoidable - reactive policy, Paris target clearly missed (3.5 °C global temperature increase by 2100), no societal change (Business As Usual trend for consumption) Finally, this report presents initial reflections on transition pathways gained from these scenarios in 2050, and insights for the future of the bioeconomy in Europe, and abroad, with a focus on implementing a circular, sustainable, and transformative BioWEconomy, not only in the EU, but globally.

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10.

EUROMOD scientific report 2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

All parties involved in the transfer of the EUROMOD model from the University of Essex to the European Commission during the years 2018-2020, agreed on the importance of establishing a governance structure for the model. Two bodies have been set up: -The Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) provides guidance as regards to the EUROMOD technical development plans and overall scientific strategy. -The Steering Committee (SC) is responsible for monitoring the progress of EUROMOD against thestated aims, objective and mission. The SC also maintains budgetary oversight of the model maintenance anddevelopment. The first meeting of the SAB took place on the 25th November 2020. In accordance with the provisions of the EUROMOD governance structure, this Scientific Report summarises the state of the EUROMOD updating process, recent model developments and the recommendations issued to DG JRC and DG EUROSTAT by the EUROMOD Scientific Advisory Board

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11.

Activity report on citizen science : discoveries from a five year journey. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

Citizen Science evolved from a long tradition in fields, such as biodiversity and meteorology, into almost all scientific fields. Simultaneously, regional and global communities became well organised and interconnected, and we arrived at a situation in which Citizen Science is not only prominent in research and civil society, but also well recognised in political agendas. Over the past five years, we (the Citizen Science team of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), Digital Economy Unit, B.6) explored and helped shaping the uptake of Citizen Science within Europe and world-wide. This report summarizes our main activities. It is organized in different areas of activities that our team was involved in and elaborates on our major work items under each of these clusters - including some selected highlights. These elaborations are synthetic while including illustrative material and refer the interested reader to more detailed explanations that have already been published elsewhere. We close by presenting some of our key lessons learned, and by providing pointers to future work.

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12.

Activity report on citizen science [er] : discoveries from a five year journey. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

Citizen Science evolved from a long tradition in fields, such as biodiversity and meteorology, into almost all scientific fields. Simultaneously, regional and global communities became well organised and interconnected, and we arrived at a situation in which Citizen Science is not only prominent in research and civil society, but also well recognised in political agendas. Over the past five years, we (the Citizen Science team of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), Digital Economy Unit, B.6) explored and helped shaping the uptake of Citizen Science within Europe and world-wide. This report summarizes our main activities. It is organized in different areas of activities that our team was involved in and elaborates on our major work items under each of these clusters - including some selected highlights. These elaborations are synthetic while including illustrative material and refer the interested reader to more detailed explanations that have already been published elsewhere. We close by presenting some of our key lessons learned, and by providing pointers to future work.

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13.

The new Leipzig Charter and the JRC’s urban activities [er] : exploring the role of science for policy post 2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

This study investigates the role that the Joint Research Centre (JRC) can play in supporting urban policymaking within the framework for sustainable urban development proposed by the New Leipzig Charter (NLC). It analyses how the core urban activities of the Territorial Development Unit of the JRC (JRC.B.3) align with the NLC’s overarching framework, and how these could be strengthened beyond 2020. The study considers both gaps and opportunities in the wider EU urban science-policy interface, triggering a broader reflection on the role of science for policy in the post-2020 programming context. In fact, both the NLC and its Implementation Document, are closely linked with the post-2020 Cohesion Policy of the European Commission and the proposal for a European Urban Initiative (EUI). As a new instrument to de-fragment EU urban policy, research, and practice, the EUI will offer opportunities to establish an effective science-policy interface that supports urban policymaking at all governmental levels. In this context, the NLC strategically stimulates the debate about the role and potential of science for policy in the EU. In particular, it builds on the need for ‘Better knowledge’ as propagated by the Urban Agenda for the EU (UAEU), which the EUI also commits to support. Against this background, the study considers it meaningful to align the urban activities of the JRC.B.3 with the priorities of the NLC and its Implementation Document. Such an exercise can help to further strengthen the evidence-base for sustainable urban development policies in the EU.

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14.

Research and innovation in smart mobility and services in Europe [er] : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

For smart mobility to be cost-efficient and ready for future needs, adequate research and innovation (R&I) in this field is necessary. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I in smart mobility and services in Europe. The assessment follows the methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically assesses research by thematic area and technologies, highlighting recent developments and future needs.

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15.

Scaling up citizen science [er] : what are the factors associated with increased reach and how to lever them to achieve impact. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The rapid pace of technology advancements, the open innovation paradigm, and the ubiquity of high-speed connectivity, greatly facilitate access to information to individuals, increasing their opportunities to achieve greater emancipation and empowerment. This provides new opportunities for widening participation in scientific research and policy, thus opening a myriad of avenues driving a paradigm shift across fields and disciplines, including the strengthening of Citizen Science. Nowadays, the application of Citizen Science principles spans across several scientific disciplines, covering different geographical scales. While the interdisciplinary approach taken so far has shown significant results and findings, the current situation depicts a wide range of projects that are heavily context-dependent and where the learning outcomes of pilots are very much situated within the specific areas in which these projects are implemented. There is little evidence on how to foster the spread and scalability in Citizen Science. Furthermore, the Citizen Science community currently lacks a general agreement on what these terms mean, entail and how these can be approached. To address these issues, we developed a theoretically grounded framework to unbundle the meaning of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. In this framework, we defined nine constructs that represent the enablers of these complex phenomena. We then validated, enriched, and instantiated this framework through four qualitative case studies of, diverse, successful examples of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. The framework and the rich experiences allow formulating four theoretically and empirically grounded scaling scenarios. We propose the framework and the in-depth case studies as the main contribution from this report. We hope to stimulate future research to further refine our understanding of the important, complex and multifaceted phenomena of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. The framework also proposes a structured mindset for practitioners that either want to ideate and start a new Citizen Science intervention that is scalable-by-design, or for those that are interested in assessing the scalability potential of an existing initiative.

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16.

Scaling up citizen science : what are the factors associated with increased reach and how to lever them to achieve impact. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The rapid pace of technology advancements, the open innovation paradigm, and the ubiquity of high-speed connectivity, greatly facilitate access to information to individuals, increasing their opportunities to achieve greater emancipation and empowerment. This provides new opportunities for widening participation in scientific research and policy, thus opening a myriad of avenues driving a paradigm shift across fields and disciplines, including the strengthening of Citizen Science. Nowadays, the application of Citizen Science principles spans across several scientific disciplines, covering different geographical scales. While the interdisciplinary approach taken so far has shown significant results and findings, the current situation depicts a wide range of projects that are heavily context-dependent and where the learning outcomes of pilots are very much situated within the specific areas in which these projects are implemented. There is little evidence on how to foster the spread and scalability in Citizen Science. Furthermore, the Citizen Science community currently lacks a general agreement on what these terms mean, entail and how these can be approached. To address these issues, we developed a theoretically grounded framework to unbundle the meaning of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. In this framework, we defined nine constructs that represent the enablers of these complex phenomena. We then validated, enriched, and instantiated this framework through four qualitative case studies of, diverse, successful examples of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. The framework and the rich experiences allow formulating four theoretically and empirically grounded scaling scenarios. We propose the framework and the in-depth case studies as the main contribution from this report. We hope to stimulate future research to further refine our understanding of the important, complex and multifaceted phenomena of scaling and spreading in Citizen Science. The framework also proposes a structured mindset for practitioners that either want to ideate and start a new Citizen Science intervention that is scalable-by-design, or for those that are interested in assessing the scalability potential of an existing initiative.

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17.

Global summit on regulatory science 2019 nanotechnology and nanoplastics [er] : perspectives on nanotechnology and nanoplastics. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The 2019 Global Summit on Regulatory Science (GSRS19) on Nanotechnology and Nanoplastics at Ispra and Stresa (Italy), 24-26 September 2019, was co-organised by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Global Coalition for Regulatory Science Research (GCRSR). The GSRS19 attracted almost 200 scientists from around the world, and provided a platform for interaction between those researching, producing and regulating nanomaterials, to exchange views and experiences on policies and practices in regulation, standards, definitions and methodologies for nanomaterials and nanoplastics.

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18.

Future transitions for the bioeconomy towards sustainable development and a climate-neutral economy [er] : knowledge synthesis : final report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The 2018 EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to develop a circular, sustainable bioeconomy for Europe, strengthening the connection between economy, society, and environment. It addresses global challenges such as meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations and the climate objectives of the Paris Agreement. A circular, sustainable bioeconomy can be a core instrument for the Green Deal in the post-COVID-19 era, making the EU more sustainable and competitive. In this context, the EC (Joint Research Centre in collaboration with DG Research and Innovation) created an ad-hoc external Network of Experts (NoE) through individual contracts to contribute to the EC’s Knowledge Centre for Bioeconomy with forward-looking analysis needed for exploring possible scenarios towards a sustainable, clean, and resource-efficient bioeconomy, with a focus on climate-neutrality and sustainable development. This first work package concerned knowledge synthesis and foresight. The post-Brexit EU27 bioeconomy employs ≈17.5 million people (≈ 9% of its workforce) and generates € 1.5 trillion (≈ 10% of its GDP) when the tertiary bioeconomy sector (bio-based services) is included. To analyse, assess and monitor the bioeconomy’s sustainability, interactions with fossil, mineral, renewable systems as well as bioeconomic contributions to ecosystem services are important, considering dynamic interlinkages and substitution effects. The bioeconomy is the only system providing food, feed, and eco-system services, i.e. for those there is no substitute. Sustainable, affordable, and secure biomass is available from EU sources in the medium- to longer-term, meeting demands for existing and emerging uses (e.g. bio-based material) by 2030. There is enough sustainable EU biomass to contribute to all sectors by 2030, and probably beyond, as well as to bring organic carbon back to soil. To ensure sustainable supply, not only residues and wastes are relevant, but sustainably sourced agricultural and forestry feedstocks, and feedstocks from recovering and restoring marginal and degraded land. Options for managing land and forestry systems for biomass supply that lead to a better carbon balance depend on many factors and have biodiversity, other environmental and socioeconomic trade-offs, all needing consideration.

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19.

Science meets parliaments : science meets regions : advancing evidence for policy across Europe : final report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The Pilot Project “Science meets Parliaments/Science meets Regions” (2018-2020) was endorsed by the European Parliament and implemented by the JRC, in close consultation with the Committee of the Regions. It aimed to spread a culture of evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) throughout the EU, giving full ownership to the Member States, regions and cities involved, and focusing on policy topics of concern to the organising entities. Moreover, studies were financed to support the processes set in motion by the events, and training courses on EIPM for policymakers were provided. This report provides an overview of the main activities implemented as well as the lessons learnt and the results of the evaluation exercise. The evaluation mainly involved a qualitative analysis based on a number of sources: the final reports submitted by the organisers as part of the tendering procedure, the questionnaires sent around to organisers a few months after their event had taken place and the reports of JRC staff attending the various events. Moreover, two online workshops were conducted towards the end of the project, during which the key dimensions of the pilot were addressed and discussed in detail with a view to the possible development of a follow up initiative. The report has three sections – a descriptive part, an analytical one, and a concluding part on the outcomes and possible follow-up of the initiative. The descriptive part provides an overview of the types and sizes of the events, the topics chosen by the organisers, the stakeholder mix and the communication and outreach efforts.

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20.

Science meets parliaments [er] : science meets regions : advancing evidence for policy across Europe : final report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.

Summary

The Pilot Project “Science meets Parliaments/Science meets Regions” (2018-2020) was endorsed by the European Parliament and implemented by the JRC, in close consultation with the Committee of the Regions. It aimed to spread a culture of evidence-informed policymaking (EIPM) throughout the EU, giving full ownership to the Member States, regions and cities involved, and focusing on policy topics of concern to the organising entities. Moreover, studies were financed to support the processes set in motion by the events, and training courses on EIPM for policymakers were provided. This report provides an overview of the main activities implemented as well as the lessons learnt and the results of the evaluation exercise. The evaluation mainly involved a qualitative analysis based on a number of sources: the final reports submitted by the organisers as part of the tendering procedure, the questionnaires sent around to organisers a few months after their event had taken place and the reports of JRC staff attending the various events. Moreover, two online workshops were conducted towards the end of the project, during which the key dimensions of the pilot were addressed and discussed in detail with a view to the possible development of a follow up initiative. The report has three sections – a descriptive part, an analytical one, and a concluding part on the outcomes and possible follow-up of the initiative. The descriptive part provides an overview of the types and sizes of the events, the topics chosen by the organisers, the stakeholder mix and the communication and outreach efforts.

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