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  • 1.
    book.ebook
    S3 Newsletter Special Issue. April 2021 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
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  • 2.
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    Assessing smart specialisation [er] : the entrepreneurial discovery process. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The entrepreneurial discovery process (EDP) is widely conceived as an inclusive, evidence-based process of stakeholder engagement that produces information about the potential for new activities, thus enabling effective targeting of research and innovation policy. How this interactive process should be stimulated and organised remains highly context-dependent. This document analyses new evidence collected on the smart specialisation policy experience across European Union (EU) regions and countries during the 2014-2020 programming period as part of a broader analytical exercise carried out by the smart Specialisation Platform of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC). To this end, the document is developed in six sections. After an introduction, section 2 reviews existing literature related to the entrepreneurial discovery process with a specific focus on the mechanisms and practices used by countries and regions to foster entrepreneurial discovery processes within their Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3). Section 3 and 4 explain the research questions addressed by this study and the data and methodology applied. Section 5 presents and analyses the main findings of our study. Finally, section 6 provides some final thoughts and conclusions.
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  • 3.
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    Rail transport research and innovation in Europe : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Adequate research and innovation (R&I) is paramount for the seamless development, testing, adoption and integration of new rail concepts and technologies. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I initiatives in Europe in this field. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Information Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically addresses research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 4.
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    Rail transport research and innovation in Europe [er] : an assessment based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Adequate research and innovation (R&I) is paramount for the seamless development, testing, adoption and integration of new rail concepts and technologies. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of R&I initiatives in Europe in this field. The assessment follows a structured methodology developed by the European Commission’s Transport Research and Information Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report critically addresses research by thematic area and technology, highlighting recent developments and future needs. It also provides insight from the academia and the private sector by means of focused scientific literature and patent analysis.
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  • 5.
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    AI watch index [er] : policy relevant dimensions to assess Europe’s performance in artificial intelligence. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report illustrates and follows the steps to build an AI Watch Index from the collection of outputs of AI Watch analyses. It identifies a set of indicators suitable to provide a comprehensive and balanced overview of the various topics addressed by the research activities carried out within AI Watch. The aim of this index is to provide quantitative indicators on several policy relevant dimensions in order to assess the performance and positioning of the EU and its Member States in Artificial Intelligence. The report describes first a suitable approach for identification of indicators. The methodology aims to identify, select, and collect a number of policy relevant indicators that allow, as much as possible, cross-country and temporal comparability in the evolving international economic, social, industrial and research landscape of artificial intelligence. Then, the report proposes a list of indicators, thoroughly described and organised along the main dimensions covered by AI Watch’s activity.
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  • 6.
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    Current and future market applications of new genomic techniques [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report presents a review of market applications of new genomic techniques (NGTs). For the purposes of this study, NGTs are defined as ‘techniques that are able to alter the genetic material of an organism, developed after the publication of EU Directive 2001/18/EC’. The study covers NGT applications in agri-food, industrial and medicinal sectors that have resulted in applications that are already being marketed, are at a confirmed pre-market development stage or are at a research and development (R & D) stage but showing market potential. The scope includes the use of NGTs in any kind of plant, mushroom, animal or microorganism or in human cells. Data on NGT applications were collected from multiple sources, including information available online, consultation of experts and an ad hoc survey of public and private technology developers. The NGT applications identified were classified, using the information available, as being at the following development stages. - Commercial stage. NGT applications currently marketed in at least one country worldwide. - Pre-commercial stage. NGT applications ready to be commercialised in at least one country worldwide but not yet on the market (commercialisation mainly depends on the developer’s decision and a 5-year horizon is estimated). - Advanced R & D stage. NGT applications at a late stage of development (field trials in the case of plants, in/ex vivo clinical trials in the case of medical applications) and likely to reach the market in the medium term (i.e. by 2030). - Early R & D stage. NGT applications at proof of concept stage (i.e. testing gene targets for trait enhancement of commercial interest). NGTs, especially those based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are being actively and increasingly used in all the sectors analysed. Currently, few NGT applications are marketed worldwide: one plant product, one microorganism for release into the environment and several microorganisms used for contained production of commercial molecules. There are, however, about 30 identified applications (in plants, animals and microorganisms) at a pre-commercial stage in the pipeline that could reach the market in the short term (within 5 years). In addition, the medicinal sector is actively using NGTs to tackle several human diseases, and in many cases applications have already reached patients, in phase I and phase I/II clinical trials.
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  • 7.
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    Waterborne transport in Europe [er] : the role of research and innovation in decarbonisation : an analysis of waterborne transport, based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report provides an overview of relevant European Research and Innovation (R&I) projects dealing with waterborne transport decarbonisation, based on the European Commission’s Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report analyses technology trends, operational, coordination and support measures in the waterborne transport sector. After setting out the international and European policy context, the report provides a brief overview of various measures put in place until today to foster waterborne transport decarbonisation. The analysis focuses on publicly funded European R&I projects, it provides an overall assessment and a detailed review of main outcomes as well as the research and policy implications of selected projects. Additionally, it provides an outlook of the evolution of scientific publications and intellectual property activity in the area. The report concludes by providing indications for further research and policy actions.
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  • 8.
    book
    Waterborne transport in Europe : the role of research and innovation in decarbonisation : an analysis of waterborne transport, based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report provides an overview of relevant European Research and Innovation (R&I) projects dealing with waterborne transport decarbonisation, based on the European Commission’s Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS). The report analyses technology trends, operational, coordination and support measures in the waterborne transport sector. After setting out the international and European policy context, the report provides a brief overview of various measures put in place until today to foster waterborne transport decarbonisation. The analysis focuses on publicly funded European R&I projects, it provides an overall assessment and a detailed review of main outcomes as well as the research and policy implications of selected projects. Additionally, it provides an outlook of the evolution of scientific publications and intellectual property activity in the area. The report concludes by providing indications for further research and policy actions.
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  • 9.
    book.ebook
    Towards a transformative smart specialisation strategy [er] : lessons from Catalonia, Bulgaria and Greece. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    There are increasing demands on our economies and societies for transformational change. The European Union (EU) and global actors such as the United Nations (UN) are giving increasing attention to social and environmental sustainability. This paper reflects on how Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3), and in particular the search for actionable policy pathways through the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP), need to evolve. To respond to the challenges ahead, S3 must also contribute to the transition towards more sustainable and inclusive pathways, in line with the European Green Deal’s objectives and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this sense, we argue that we need a transformative Smart Specialisation, sustained by a transformative EDP. With this objective in mind, we begin by examining the current policy context and frame S3 in the broader EU agenda. We stress the importance of aligning S3 to the EU New Industrial Strategy and the European Green Deal, mustering momentum to address social and environmental challenges. We then introduce conceptual and policy frameworks which can support the development of a transformative EDP, namely Sustainability Transitions, Transformative Innovation Policy, and Responsible Research and Innovation. We then report on two pioneering policy experiences that -building on the above conceptual foundations and approaches- have attempted to imbue the S3 and EDP with transformative elements, namely the POINT (Projecting Opportunities for INdustrial Transition) Reviews by the Joint Research Centre and the Shared Agendas in Catalonia. We conclude with a discussion of some implications for the future of Smart Specialisation and highlighting the challenges ahead.
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  • 10.
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    Smart specialisation strategies and regional productivity [er] : a preliminary assessment in Portugal. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Smart Specialisation is a place-based approach to innovation policy that underpins a significant amount of EU funding. The origins of the concept lie in the transatlantic productivity gap and a concern that previous investments in Research and Innovation (R&I) had failed to deliver commercial benefits. Following more than five years of implementation, this report contributes to the evaluation of the smart specialisation approach through quantitative analysis. As part of the Stairway to Excellence project, it is one of the first to assess its impact on regional productivity, based on the case of Portugal. This is done using the country’s main instrument to support corporate Research and Development (R&D) that was launched in 2007 and adapted to accommodate smart specialisation in 2014. An analysis of project characteristics reveals that during the programming period 2014-2020, financial support to corporate R&D investment aligned with S3 priorities has been more concentrated on cooperation between regions and sectors. A higher diversification of R&D and Innovation funds across sectors, regions and beneficiaries, in comparison with 2007-2013, is also observed. As more cooperation and diversification are two important features of smart specialisation, these findings suggest improved investment choices in the programming period 2014-2020. Furthermore, after controlling for the existence of potential geographical spillover effects by applying a spatial econometric analysis, the results display a positive effect on regional productivity from the R&D and Innovation subsidies over the last two programming periods. Furthermore, a higher rate of return of RDI subsidy in the second period is also observed, which suggests that smart specialisation was able to generate an additional effect in comparison with a situation without this place-based policy. Nevertheless, we also found that – in the case of Portugal - smart specialisation has only been able to generate this additional effect in regional productivity when the R&D funding instrument is combined with other types of innovation subsidies. This finding provides additional weight to the argument for broader and more integrated smart specialization policy mixes in the new programming period
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  • 11.
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    Higher education and smart specialisation in Lower Austria [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) can be key players in regional innovation ecosystems and for the design and implementation of Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3). However, regions in Europe are diverse, in terms of their economic and institutional structures, higher education systems, and competences and capabilities for S3 management. The project on Higher Education for Smart Specialisation (HESS) has included several case studies where historic and internationally renowned universities have not played a significant role in S3. This can be explained by a variety of factors, from weak strategies and regional institutions, problems with multi-level governance, to a lack of local engagement by the universities concerned. On the other hand, this case study of Lower Austria shows that even in a region with a small higher education sector, an absence of traditional research-intensive universities and an economy in transition from agriculture, that HEIs both within and outside the region can be important partners for S3 managers
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  • 12.
    book
    Metodologia de especializacion inteligente, un puente de innovacion entre la UE y América Latina : evidencias y lecciones del programa internacional de cooperación urbana. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Inicialmente implementada en la Unión Europea (UE), la Metodología de Especialización Inteligente ayudó a descubrir y explotar el potencial de innovación de las regiones de la UE y los Estados miembros, de acuerdo con las especificidades territoriales. Este enfoque también facilitó la identificación de prioridades para la inversión en investigación e innovación, así como la movilización de actores de la innovación de las administraciones públicas, empresas, organizaciones de investigación y universidades y sociedad civil. El reconocimiento de este éxito trascendió además las fronteras de la UE. En América Latina, la Metodología de Especialización Inteligente actuó como un motivador para las políticas descentralizadas de innovación. Su implementación sirvió para analizar las principales fortalezas, desafíos y potencial de este canal de innovación localizado. Beneficios como el desarrollo de una visión territorial basada en un diálogo interdisciplinario y estructurado; un involucramiento más sistemático de los actores; y la identificación de áreas prioritarias y un potencial de excelencia, motivaron acciones políticas en varios países de América Latina, en especial Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú.
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  • 13.
    book.ebook
    Metodologia de especializacion inteligente, un puente de innovacion entre la UE y América Latina [er] : evidencias y lecciones del programa internacional de cooperación urbana. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Inicialmente implementada en la Unión Europea (UE), la Metodología de Especialización Inteligente ayudó a descubrir y explotar el potencial de innovación de las regiones de la UE y los Estados miembros, de acuerdo con las especificidades territoriales. Este enfoque también facilitó la identificación de prioridades para la inversión en investigación e innovación, así como la movilización de actores de la innovación de las administraciones públicas, empresas, organizaciones de investigación y universidades y sociedad civil. El reconocimiento de este éxito trascendió además las fronteras de la UE. En América Latina, la Metodología de Especialización Inteligente actuó como un motivador para las políticas descentralizadas de innovación. Su implementación sirvió para analizar las principales fortalezas, desafíos y potencial de este canal de innovación localizado. Beneficios como el desarrollo de una visión territorial basada en un diálogo interdisciplinario y estructurado; un involucramiento más sistemático de los actores; y la identificación de áreas prioritarias y un potencial de excelencia, motivaron acciones políticas en varios países de América Latina, en especial Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú.
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  • 14.
    book
    Metodologia de especialização inteligente, uma ponte de inovação entre a UE e a América Latina : programme evidência e lições do programa internacional de cooperação urbana. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Inicialmente implementada na União Europeia (UE), a Metodologia de Especialização Inteligente contribuiu para descobrir e explorar o potencial de inovação das regiões da UE e dos Estados-Membros, com base em especificidades territoriais. Essa abordagem também facilitou a identificação de prioridades para o investimento em pesquisa e inovação, bem como a mobilização de atores de inovação provindos de administrações públicas, empresas, organizações de pesquisa e universidades e da sociedade civil. O reconhecimento desse sucesso também ocorreu além das fronteiras da UE. Na América Latina, a Metodologia de Especialização Inteligente atuou como um motivador de políticas descentralizadas de inovação. Sua adoção serviu para analisar os principais pontos fortes, desafios e potencialidades desse canal de inovação localizado. Benefícios como o desenvolvimento de uma visão territorial baseada no diálogo interdisciplinar e estruturado, um envolvimento mais sistemático dos atores e a identificação de domínios prioritários e potencial de excelência motivaram ações políticas em vários países da América Latina, notavelmente Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru.
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  • 15.
    book.ebook
    Metodologia de especialização inteligente, uma ponte de inovação entre a UE e a América Latina [er] : evidências e lições do programa internacional de cooperação urbana. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Inicialmente implementada na União Europeia (UE), a Metodologia de Especialização Inteligente contribuiu para descobrir e explorar o potencial de inovação das regiões da UE e dos Estados-Membros, com base em especificidades territoriais. Essa abordagem também facilitou a identificação de prioridades para o investimento em pesquisa e inovação, bem como a mobilização de atores de inovação provindos de administrações públicas, empresas, organizações de pesquisa e universidades e da sociedade civil. O reconhecimento desse sucesso também ocorreu além das fronteiras da UE. Na América Latina, a Metodologia de Especialização Inteligente atuou como um motivador de políticas descentralizadas de inovação. Sua adoção serviu para analisar os principais pontos fortes, desafios e potencialidades desse canal de inovação localizado. Benefícios como o desenvolvimento de uma visão territorial baseada no diálogo interdisciplinar e estruturado, um envolvimento mais sistemático dos atores e a identificação de domínios prioritários e potencial de excelência motivaram ações políticas em vários países da América Latina, notavelmente Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Peru.
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  • 16.
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    Rethinking the ‘Entrepreneurial Discovery Process’ in times of physical distancing [er] : lessons from Portuguese regions. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The “Entrepreneurial Discovery Process” is a key element of Smart Specialisation Strategy, referring to stakeholder involvement in policy design to ‘discover’ and identify new or existing priorities for innovation investment, based on region strengths and market trends. However, studies have revealed that this principle has been one of the most demanding for regions (or countries) to implement, and such interaction between stakeholders has been even more challenging in times of physical distancing, as the result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present report aims to present the lessons learned from pilot actions conducted with the Alentejo and Algarve regions of Portugal for prototyping online events to support the “Entrepreneurial Discovery Process”. The pilots provide the opportunity to design and test whether online workshops could be used to support EDP more widely, and what adaptations would be needed for a new online context. For both events the objective was to stimulate regional actors to participate in an initial exploration of relevant thematic areas, in order to define them as possible priority domains for the next Smart Specialisation cycle. Participating actors in both regions were invited to participate, share experiences, identify obstacles, and suggest solutions to strengthen the innovative capacity of the region in these thematic areas. Hence the events were prepared to bring together a range of actors in the territory, from business, research, and the public administration to discuss issues relevant to their regional strategies. This report sets out the lessons learned from this experience with organising and participating on online events to support EDP can be divided in before-the-event, during-the-event and after-the-event. Furthermore, an ex post online survey to participants revealed an overall high satisfaction with online EDP events and that future similar events associated with the EDP process could have a mixed format, where physical meetings could (if possible) be used to complement online meetings. Altogether, such findings suggest adopting a digital approach would ensure not only the continuity of the policy process in difficult times, but can also be a way to improve the participation in the governance model in the post-corona crisis.
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  • 17.
    book.ebook
    Reflections guiding smart specialisation strategies impact assessment [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report summarises and analyses the main findings of the reflection and collective work engaged with 12 territories from across Europe that was carried out from March to December 2020 with the aim to collect evidence on the potential impact of S3 in the quality of policy governance and innovation ecosystem, as well as, its effects in terms of growth and jobs. Based on the reflection carried out with a wide range of member states and regions across Europe, it highlights different types of methodological approaches and measures that were developed and are foreseen by policy-makers to assess the impact of their research and innovation strategies at different territorial levels. Although participants advocate a 10 to 15 years’ time span to fully grasp the impact of the induced changes related to the implementation of S3, the report shows that the Smart Specialisation concept is perceived as a pivotal enabler for industry renewal, bringing together stakeholders in the ecosystem and fostering international value chains. The experimental nature of the Smart Specialisation approach can play a central role in supporting new and innovative activities, help territories discover new opportunities and pursue new paths of development towards more sustainable and inclusive growth models.
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  • 18.
    book.ebook
    Higher education and smart specialisation in Portugal [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Universities and other higher education institutions (HEIs) are expected to play a catalytic role in S3. They are increasingly being asked to fulfil many new and wide-ranging tasks, probably with an overly optimistic perspective. To be effective in answering to all demands - such as being sources of knowledge, providers of education and training for strategic leaders of regional regeneration, suppliers of knowledge intensive services and infrastructure, local connectors with external knowledge and markets, and also animators of their innovation systems – HEIs face internal and external limitations. This report presents the main results of the JRC project on Higher Education for Smart Specialisation in Portugal. The project intends to help build innovation capabilities by strengthening the participation of HEIs in regional networks; and by promoting the integration of higher education with research, innovation and regional development in the S3 policy mix. The results are divided into two categories. First, a quantitative and descriptive analysis of the publicly available information about the HE system and on the use of European Structural and Investment Funds. Second, the presentation of qualitative results, based on the content analysis of interviews administered to key stakeholders and focus groups conducted in all regions. Results identify aspects for the innovative and transformation potential of Portuguese regions while they also underline contextual and specific problems facing HEIs, while highlighting measures to help overcome these limitations.
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  • 19.
    book.ebook
    EU transport research & innovation status assessment report 2020 [er] : an overview based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) database. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) is an open-access transport information system and policy support tool. The TRIMIS database contains transport research and innovation projects and programmes that are arranged according to the seven Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA) roadmaps that were adopted by the European Commission in May 2017. This report provides the third overview of the TRIMIS database and activities, showing the general status of transport Research and Innovation (R&I) and updates on assessment of the seven STRIA roadmaps. Since the last overview, the database includes 7571 projects (over 11% more), the database has been expanded to include structured methodologies for assessing the STRIA roadmaps, patents and academic publications, as well as providing foresight of future technologies with horizon scanning. These developments highlight the assessment and monitoring capabilities of TRIMIS.
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  • 20.
    book
    EU transport research & innovation status assessment report 2020 : an overview based on the Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) database. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System (TRIMIS) is an open-access transport information system and policy support tool. The TRIMIS database contains transport research and innovation projects and programmes that are arranged according to the seven Strategic Transport Research and Innovation Agenda (STRIA) roadmaps that were adopted by the European Commission in May 2017. This report provides the third overview of the TRIMIS database and activities, showing the general status of transport Research and Innovation (R&I) and updates on assessment of the seven STRIA roadmaps. Since the last overview, the database includes 7571 projects (over 11% more), the database has been expanded to include structured methodologies for assessing the STRIA roadmaps, patents and academic publications, as well as providing foresight of future technologies with horizon scanning. These developments highlight the assessment and monitoring capabilities of TRIMIS.
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