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  • 1.
    book.ebook
    Euratom research and training programme 2021-2025 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The Euratom Research and Training Programme (2021-2025) is a nuclear research and training programme with an emphasis on the continuous improvement of nuclear safety, security and radiation protection. It complements the achievement of Horizon Europe’s objectives including in the context of the energy transition as well as contributing to the implementation of the European fusion roadmap.
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  • 2.
    book.ebook
    Preparation and certification of the uranium oxide micro particle reference material IRMM-2331P [er] : certified for isotope ratios. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report describes the certification of IRMM-2331P, a uranium micro particle reference material. This certification project was a collaboration between the Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), Germany, and the Joint Research Centre (JRC), Unit G.2 in Geel, Belgium. The reference material was produced in compliance with ISO/IEC 17034:2016 [1] and certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Uncertainties of the certified values were estimated in compliance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) [3]. In order to achieve "fit-for-purpose" isotope ratios for particle analysis, the base material IRMM-2330 was prepared by mixing of two uranium nitrate solutions, which were prepared by conversion of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) materials. Certification of the uranium isotopic composition for the base material IRMM-2330 was performed directly by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) using the Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) method at JRC-G2, and the results were verified by TIMS/MTE measurements at the IAEA. The production of the uranium particles was performed at the FZJ using a dedicated method based on spray-pyrolysis of droplets generated with a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG). Verification measurements of the base solution and ‘process control measurements’ on dissolved uranium particles were performed at the FZJ via Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) and the results agreed with the isotopic composition of the base solution IRMM-2330. This agreement permitted the certification of the isotopic composition for the particle reference material IRMM-2331P to be performed using the certified isotopic composition of the base material IRMM-2330. The reference material is intended for the calibration of instruments and methods, quality control purposes, and the assessment of method performance for isotope mass spectrometry on uranium particles. As with any certified reference material, it can also be used for validation studies. The following certified values and expanded uncertainties were assigned for isotope amount ratios, isotope amount fractions, isotope mass fractions, and molar mass for IRMM-2331P.
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  • 3.
    book
    Ten years of lessons learned from operating experience in nuclear power plants [er] : a review of EU Clearinghouse topical studies. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The European Clearinghouse on Operating Experience Feedback for Nuclear Power Plants has been established in 2008 to enhance the exchange of lessons learned from operating experience among members. The network of nuclear safety regulatory authorities and their technical support organizations, within the EU region, hosted and operated by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, has issued, during the first ten years of its activities, twenty-three topical studies reports, on topics defined and selected by the EU Clearinghouse members: each report is the outcome of an in depth analysis of selected international operating experience, with particular attention to the reportable events. The Joint Research Centre has carried out a retrospective and comparative analysis of the whole knowledge system made of the outcomes of all these reports. The methodology developed by the JRC over this period is outlined. The results of a statistical study of the twenty-three reports are presented, showing that the most recurring contributing factors are related to design, maintenance and management. Moreover, the most common findings across the studies are related to analysis, operating experience feedback and to organisational aspects. The results of a comparative analysis, having the purpose of extracting new insights, are reported. This transversal reading has highlighted four horizontal issues (i.e.: common to all or many of the topical studies): (1) the need for a further enhancement of the sharing of the international operating experience; (2) the need to anticipate and mitigate issues which tend to originate in the pre-operational phases, in particular during the design phase, remaining latent and undetected for many years; (3) the importance of the organisational and human factors as contributors to events; and (4) the safety culture. This ten-year EU Clearinghouse report provides the network members, and the nuclear community, with key findings and observations. It is also enriched by a comparison of the topical studies’ findings with the Western European Nuclear Regulatory Association (WENRA) Safety Reference Levels, confirming the safety relevance of topics raised by operating experience, and suggesting that the EU Clearinghouse products can have a stronger impact in future reviews of the Reference Levels. Orientations for future EU Clearinghouse works are, finally, proposed. These orientations can benefit from synergies with other nuclear activities carried out at the Joint Research Centre.
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  • 4.
    book
    JRC in Euratom research and training programme 2014-2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014-2018 and its extension 2019-2020 (the Euratom Programme) is implemented, in fission, through direct actions– i.e. research performed by the Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through indirect actions– i.e. via competitive calls for proposals, and in fusion – i.e. through a comprehensive named-beneficiary co-fund action managed by the Commission’s Directorate-General for Research & Innovation (RTD). The Programme is an integral part of Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. The direct actions implemented by the JRC pursue specific objectives covering: nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, decommissioning, emergency preparedness; nuclear security, safeguards and non-proliferation; standardisation; knowledge management; education and training; and support to the policy of the Union on these fields. To ensure that direct actions are in line with and complement the research and training needs of Member States, JRC is continuously interacting with the main research and scientific institutions in the EU, and actively participating in several technological platforms and associations. JRC also participates as part of the consortia in indirect actions, which allows JRC scientist to engage in top level scientific research, and yields maintaining and further developing JRC’s scientific excellence. At the same time, the members of the consortia can have access to unique research infrastructure. New models of JRC participation in indirect actions are explored to increase the synergies obtained in the frame of the Euratom programme. The document describes some of the achievements of recent JRC direct actions, with a focus on the interaction with EU MS research organisations, as well as some of the most important elements of the Commission Proposal for the next (2021-2025) Euratom Programme, particularly the new positioning of the JRC as regards its participation in indirect actions.
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  • 5.
    book.ebook
    JRC in Euratom research and training programme 2014-2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014-2018 and its extension 2019-2020 (the Euratom Programme) is implemented, in fission, through direct actions– i.e. research performed by the Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through indirect actions– i.e. via competitive calls for proposals, and in fusion – i.e. through a comprehensive named-beneficiary co-fund action managed by the Commission’s Directorate-General for Research & Innovation (RTD). The Programme is an integral part of Horizon 2020, the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. The direct actions implemented by the JRC pursue specific objectives covering: nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, decommissioning, emergency preparedness; nuclear security, safeguards and non-proliferation; standardisation; knowledge management; education and training; and support to the policy of the Union on these fields. To ensure that direct actions are in line with and complement the research and training needs of Member States, JRC is continuously interacting with the main research and scientific institutions in the EU, and actively participating in several technological platforms and associations. JRC also participates as part of the consortia in indirect actions, which allows JRC scientist to engage in top level scientific research, and yields maintaining and further developing JRC’s scientific excellence. At the same time, the members of the consortia can have access to unique research infrastructure. New models of JRC participation in indirect actions are explored to increase the synergies obtained in the frame of the Euratom programme. The document describes some of the achievements of recent JRC direct actions, with a focus on the interaction with EU MS research organisations, as well as some of the most important elements of the Commission Proposal for the next (2021-2025) Euratom Programme, particularly the new positioning of the JRC as regards its participation in indirect actions.
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  • 6.
    book
    Connector. Issue 3, autumn 2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020], c2020.
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  • 7.
    book.ebook
    Connector. Issue 3, autumn 2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020], c2020.
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  • 8.
    book.ebook
    ESARDA bulletin. No. 61, December 2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020]
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  • 9.
    book
    ESARDA bulletin. No. 61, December 2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020]
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    A non-destructive method to determine the neutron production rate of a sample of spent nuclear fuel under standard controlled area conditions [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    A method to determine the neutron production rate of a sample of spent nuclear fuel by means of non-destructive analysis conducted under controlled-area conditions is described, validated and demonstrated. A standard neutron well-counter designed for routine nuclear safeguards applications is applied. The method relies on a transfer procedure that is adapted to the hot-cell facilities at the Laboratory for High and Medium level Activity of the SCK CEN. The sample transfer and measurement procedures are described together with results of Monte Carlo simulations. Experiments with radionuclide sources were carried out at the Joint Research Centre to test the procedures and to determine the performance characteristics of the detection device. Finally, measurements of a segment of a spent nuclear fuel rod were carried out at the SCK CEN to validate and demonstrate the method.
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  • 11.
    book
    ESARDA 25th annual meeting symposium on safeguards and nuclear materials management : City Conference Centre Stockholm, "Norra Latin", Stockholm 13-15 May 2003 : proceedings. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2003], c2003.
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  • 12.
    book.ebook
    ESARDA 25th annual meeting symposium on safeguards and nuclear materials management [er] : City Conference Centre Stockholm, "Norra Latin", Stockholm 13-15 May 2003 : proceedings. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2003], c2003.
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  • 13.
    book.ebook
    JRC serving policy and science at the HADES underground research facility [er] : a casebook : interdisciplinary nuclear science applications performed by JRC-Geel in a 225-m-deep underground, low-background-radioactivity lab. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    In 1992, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with the Belgian nuclear centre StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d’Etudes Nucleaire (SCK CEN) put a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector) for gamma-ray detection in the 225-m-deep underground research facility high-activity disposal experimental site (HADES). This exploratory work showed that shielding the system from cosmic rays led to a remarkable reduction of the background count-rate in the detector of almost four orders of magnitude. The reduction in background noise opened up a new domain for the analytical technique called gamma-ray spectrometry. By measuring much lower activities than was possible before, a more or less infinite number of new nuclear science applications become possible. One reason for this is that radioactivity is present everywhere and there are 3 500 different radionuclides. Each radionuclide can tell a story, so by detecting and quantifying them we can learn about and trace both anthropogenic activities as well as natural processes.
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  • 14.
    book
    JRC serving policy and science at the HADES underground research facility : a casebook : interdisciplinary nuclear science applications performed by JRC-Geel in a 225-m-deep underground, low-background-radioactivity lab. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    In 1992, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with the Belgian nuclear centre StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie Centre d’Etudes Nucleaire (SCK CEN) put a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector) for gamma-ray detection in the 225-m-deep underground research facility high-activity disposal experimental site (HADES). This exploratory work showed that shielding the system from cosmic rays led to a remarkable reduction of the background count-rate in the detector of almost four orders of magnitude. The reduction in background noise opened up a new domain for the analytical technique called gamma-ray spectrometry. By measuring much lower activities than was possible before, a more or less infinite number of new nuclear science applications become possible. One reason for this is that radioactivity is present everywhere and there are 3 500 different radionuclides. Each radionuclide can tell a story, so by detecting and quantifying them we can learn about and trace both anthropogenic activities as well as natural processes.
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  • 15.
    book.ebook
    ESARDA bulletin. No. 60, June 2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020]
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  • 16.
    book
    ESARDA bulletin. No. 60, June 2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020]
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  • 17.
    book
    Connector. Issue 2, Spring 2020. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020], c2020.
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  • 18.
    book.ebook
    Connector. Issue 2, Spring 2020 [er]. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020], c2020.
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  • 19.
    book.ebook
    Preparation and Certification of Large-Sized Dried (LSD) Spike - IRMM-1027u [er] : certified reference material for the masses of 239Pu, 235U, 238U and Pu and U isotope amount ratios. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
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  • 20.
    book.ebook
    Preparation and certification of the uranium oxide micro particles IRMM-2329P [er] : certified for isotope ratios and uranium amount per particle. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    This report describes the certification of the IRMM-2329P, a uranium micro particle reference material. This certification project was a collaboration between the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA-SGAS, Austria), the Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ, Germany) and the Joint Research Centre (JRC-Geel, Unit G.2). The material was produced in compliance with ISO/IEC 17034:2016 [1] and certified in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Between-unit homogeneity was quantified and stability during dispatch and storage were investigated in accordance with ISO Guide 35:2006 [2]. Uncertainties of the certified values were estimated in compliance with ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008 (the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, GUM) [3]. In order to achieve "fit for purpose" isotope ratios for particle analysis, the base material IRMM-2329 was prepared by mixing of two uranium nitrate solutions, which were prepared by hydrolysis and nitration of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) CRM’s. Certification of the uranium isotopic composition was done by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) using the Modified Total Evaporation (MTE) method. Production of the uranium particles was done at the FZJ using a dedicated method based on spray-pyrolysis of droplets generated with a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG).Verification measurements of the base solution and ‘process control measurements’ on the uranium particles were performed at the IAEA-SGAS via Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (MC-ICPMS). In addition to the isotopic composition, the uranium amount and mass per particle is certified by Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ID-TIMS) and confirmed by ID-MC-ICPMS performed at IAEA-SGAS. Moreover, the certified values were established using new published values for the atomic masses and applying a 2-digit rounding rule. The materials are intended for the calibration of instruments and methods, quality control purposes, and the assessment of method performance for isotope mass spectrometry on uranium particles. As with any certified reference material, they can also be used for validation studies.
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