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1.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 4.5 Hovesdstaden (including Bornholm). European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

In the case of Denmark it is significant to stress that for both the periods 2000-2006 and 2007-2013, there was/is only one OP. The regional set-up has been changed between the two periods with the local government reform in Denmark in 2007, which entailed that the County of Bornholm became a part of the NUTS 2 region, the Capital Region (Hovedstaden). Until 2007 when it was changed to NUTS 1, Denmark was a NUTS 2 region. Bornholm is still considered a NUTS 3 region, as part of the Capital Region. In the case of the Capital Region it is also relevant to stress that Bornholm, which is the area with specific geographical features, governs ERDF funds independently of the Capital Region. Therefore in most cases in the templates, it is not relevant to refer to NUTS 2 and NUTS 3 levels, but more relevant to discuss NUTS 3/Bornholm compared to the national level (NUTS 1) which is the level at which the OP has been developed. In elaboration of the governance situation, since the local government reform in 2007, the allocation of ERDF funds is managed by the regional Growth Fora which have been set up in each region. Although Bornholm is a part of the Capital Region, it has got its own Growth Forum. With the reform, Bornholm, as the only territory in the country was given the status of Regional Municipality, which entails that Bornholm has the mandate to manage regional development. Thus, Denmark has six Growth Fora, one for each of the administrative regions, and one for Bornholm. This entails that allocation of funding toERDF projects is decided locally on the island. The Capital Region and Bornholm thus each have an allocation of ERDF which they in turn allocate in the, in this sense, separate regions. Administratively in other areas, not dealing with regional development/ERDF, Bornholm is a part of the Capital Region. There is no Programme Complement for the 2007-2013 period. However, the ERDF funding is channelled towards the focus areas of the business development strategy and action plan for Bornholm, developed by the Growth Forum.

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2.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 4.4 Voreio Aigaio. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

Voreio Aigaio Region was under Objective 1 during 2000-2006 and it is under the Convergence objective during the 2007-2013 period; actions in the region was financed mainly by the regional OPs (ref cod 2000 GR16 1 PO 009), but also by the national sectoral OPs and by Cohesion Fund as Greece’s GDP is less than 90% of the EU Average. During the 2007-13 period finances come from a common operational program for Voreio Aigaio, Notio Aigaio and Kriti (ref cod 2007 GR 16 UP 002) and from Cohesion Fund. National sectoral EU programs have almost no application on islands where actions have only local character.

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3.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 2. Analysis of the five selected sparsely populated regions, 2.1 Castilla-La-Mancha. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

Cohesion Policy 2007-13. The objective is to increase investments in R&D and innovation across Spain in line with the Lisbon Strategy objectives. The ‘Research, Development and Innovation for and by Enterprises - Technology Fund’ OP has a total budget of €3.3 billion, including €2.2 billion of ERDF; this again amounts to approximately 6% of the ERDF financial package for Spain for the current period. The objective is to increase the competitiveness of the Spanish economy through improving the innovation performance of industry and service sectors.

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4.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 4.2 Corsica. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

The 2007-2013 period marked the exit of Corsica from the Objective 1 programme and a subsequent shift in priorities corresponding to the “Competitiveness and Employment” programme which aims at strengthening competitiveness, attractiveness and employment in the regions through innovation, the promotion of the knowledge society, entrepreneurship, the protection of the environment, and the improvement of accessibility whilst adapting the workforce by investing in human resources. A total of 150 million Euros was allocated to Corsica for this current period, which represents a decrease of 20% compared to the previous one.

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5.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 3.5 Vzhodna Slovenija. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

Slovenia is a small open economy with a population of just two million and it is one of the most developed new EU-12 members. Slovenia is a unitary state with two tiers of administration – central government and municipalities. There are 58 administrative units and 211 municipalities. Additionally, twelve development regions at the NUTS3 level were established through the 2005 Law on Balanced Regional Development. These are functional regions with no political decision-making structure. Their role is limited to statistical purposes and to the planning of social and economic cohesion policy at the subnational level, involving the preparation of Regional Development Programmes. The two cohesion regions, Eastern Slovenia and Western Slovenia, were introduced based on the Promotion of Balanced Regional Development Act and determined with the resolution of the Government of RS (83rd regular session of the Government of RS, 54910-3/2005/12, 7th November 2005). The Government filed a motion to the Commission on their notification as statistical territorial units NUTS2. Eastern Slovenia includes development regions (NUTS3 territorial units): Pomurska, Podravska, Koroška, Savinjska, Spodnjeposavska, Zasavska, Southeastern Slovenia and Notranjsko-kraška. Western Slovenia includes development regions: Central Slovenia, Gorenjska, Goriška and Costal- Karst. The Statistical Programming Board at Eurostat cleared on Thursday, 16 November 2006 Slovenia's request to being split into two regions.

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6.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 4.3 Sicilia. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

According to the Regional Operational Programme 2007-2013, Sicilia faces a number of challenges to its socio-economic development. First, the local labour market, with its high unemployment rates specially hitting the weakest groups of the active population, namely women and young people. Second, the economic structure of the island is too dependent on a few sectors; in addition, these are confined in traditional activities. Third, natural resources need to be adequately managed, by overcoming long-lasting problems (i.e. geological instability, waste of water, limited use of renewal energies). Fourth, the island’s insularity implies that the issue of infrastructure and transport development is strictly connected to its socio-economic development. Finally, the illegal activities of organised crime continue to be place serious limits on the region’s growth potential.

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7.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 4. Analysis of the five selected island regions, the Balearic Islands. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

The Balearic Islands are a small group of islands off the Spanish coast. According to the analysis of current status carried out by the Operational Programme “Balearic Islands” 2007-13 and by the “Rural Development Programme 2007-13 Balearic Islands”, the main geographic challenges of the region are related to their geographic isolation from the mainland by its insularity feature; the incidence of double insularity (island versus inland areas); the territorial fragmentation in four geographic areas (islands) with a limited territorial extension; the lack of strategic natural resources such as water, energy, soil; the lack of infrastructure and transport services and telecommunications to offset the difficulties of communication and accessibility of the archipelago from the outside, amongst the islands, and within them.

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8.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. 1. Introduction and rationale for six case studies for Task 3. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2011]

Summary

This Second Intermediate Report presents the work carried out by the Team for Task 2: Analysis of ERDF and Cohesion Fund (CF) interventions within the 15 selected regions with specific geographical features (Objectives 1 and 2 covering 2000-06 and 2007-13 programming periods). In accordance with the Study tender specifications and approved Inception and First Intermediate Reports, the analysis covers several main elements, namely: (i) Analysis of financial allocations and expenditure by priority and category of expenditure, as well as achievements against targets wherever possible. Particular attention should be paid to changes in strategies (if any) between the two programming periods. (ii) Examining the extent to which programmes are relevant and adapted to the specific context of islands and mountainous regions. Particular attention will be paid to the use of the existing opportunities allowed by the current legal framework for specific territories. To what extent have these territories been taken into account in programme and policy design and their implementation? (iii) Assessment of the extent to which ERDF complements other sources of funding (ESF, EAGGF, FIFG, EAGF, EAFRD or national funds) (iv) Identification of 6 cases of interesting practice that could be useful for other specific regions facing similar problems; to be further examined in the following task. In this regard, this Report is organized into five chapters. This Introduction is followed by Chapter 2 which summarises the 15 regions selected for analysis in Task 2. In addition, the rationale for the choice of the six case studies for Task 3 is described, which builds on the work carried out in Task 1 (the Literature Review) and Task 2. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 provide the respective regional analyses for the 15 selected regions. Chapter 3 focuses on the five selected sparsely populated regions; Chapter 4 discusses the five selected mountainous regions; and Chapter 5 analyses the five selected island regions.

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9.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : final report. Volume 2. The six case studies. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

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10.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : final report. Volume 1. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.

Summary

This study analyses the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features - islands, mountainous and sparsely populated regions. The focus is on the 2000-06 and 2007-13 programming periods and four main Tasks were carried out. - Firstly, the Literature Review explored the ways in which the territories can be defined as well as the different challenges they face and respective policy approaches that have been developed. - Secondly, an analysis of ERDF interventions in fifteen selected NUTS2 regions was carried out based on desk-based research drawing on programme data and documents for the two respective programming periods. - Thirdly, to explore the role and effectiveness of ERDF at the local level, six NUTS3 case studies were carried out based on face-to-face (and some telephone) interviews with the main stakeholders in each of the selected regions. - Lastly, policy conclusions were drawn based on the lessons learned from the previous tasks.

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11.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Centro. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

Centro is a NUTS2 region, integrating six NUTS3 areas. The main geographical challenges of the region derive from problems of accessibility and intra-regional connection. Centro is quite asymmetric; it has a more developed and dynamic coastal area, with some main urban poles - Aveiro, Coimbra, Leiria – and an interior territory with mountains and greater problems in terms of accessibility, economic performance and social cohesion. The NUTS3 region in question are in fact areas affected by specific geographical features, are remote territories, with mountains and sparsely populated conditions.

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12.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Slaske. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

Śląskie Voivodship is located in the south of Poland, at the foot of the so-called Brama Morawska (Moravian Gate) which connects two mountain ranges located on both sides - the Sudetes and the Carpathians. Śląskie Voivodship shares the borders with Czech Republik and Slovakia, which gives it a special role in the national and European geographical environment. The region is located at the meeting point of two exchange and communication channels in Central Europe: the main north-south channel and the corridor linking the western and eastern part of the continent. Bielski lays in the southern part of Śląskie, at the border of the country. The region of Śląskie spans the area of 1233309 ha from which 235350 ha belongs to Bielski region. Bielsko-Biała, the capital of Bielski, plays the role of an administrative, academic, cultural, industrial and service centre of Podbeskidzie (historical region around Bielsko Biała). It is one of the most developed cities in Poland with an unemployment rate below 6% (CSO 2009 data). It is also an important road and rail junction. Bielsko-Biała is the biggest city of Euroregion Beskids that brings together the border regions of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Its extensive morphological and geographical variety is what makes Śląskie Voivodship special. The region covers mountains, upland as well as lowland areas. Moreover, the region is rich in natural resources, such as hard coal, zinc and lead deposits, molybdenum-wolfram-copper ores, iron ores, halite, methane deposits, natural gas, marl deposits, limestone deposits and natural aggregate deposits as well as healing, mineral and thermal waters. This determined the development of the region within the past decades and contributed to the emergence of the largest Polish industrial zone which plays a decisive role in the Polish fuel and power balance.

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13.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Rhône-Alps. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

The region of Rhone-Alps, located in southeast France, covers 44.000 km² (higher area than Belgium or Switzerland) and shares a border with Switzerland and Italy. In terms of economy and demographics (5.6 million inhabitants, equivalent to Finland or Denmark), the region ranks second in France, after Paris. The influence of Lyon (Rhône), which has the dynamism of an international metropolis and the ‘high-tech’ valley of Grenoble (Isère), benefit the entire region. The population is younger than the French national average. For the 2007-2013 programming period ERDF directly supports multiregional OPs at the level of the massif.

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14.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Steiermark. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

For the period 2007-13 the European Commission approved a regional development programme for the Austrian federal state of Steiermark : the Operational Programme "Regional competitiveness Steiermark 2007-2013". This programme involves Community support for Steiermark within the framework of "Regional competitiveness and employment" objective ("phasing out" regions not included). The total public budget of the programme is around 310.1 million Euros and thereof the Community assistance through the ERDF amounts to 155.1 million Euros (approximately 10.61% of the total EU money invested in Austria under Cohesion policy 2007-2013).

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15.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Övre Norrland. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

The NUTS2 regions consist of two NUTS3 regions; the county of Norrbotten and the county of Västerbotten. The Sami area, Sápmi, covers the western (inland) parts of both Norrbotten and Västerbotten. The characteristics are largely shared between both NUTS3 areas of Övre Norrland. Some differences can be found; Umeå, the largest city in Övre Norrland with about 100 000 inhabitants is located in Västerbotten and Norrbotten is located north of Västerbotten making the distances to central Sweden and Europe longer physically.

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16.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Highlands and Islands. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

The biggest NUTS3 sub-region (UKM62), which includes the Highlands and Islands main city and capital of Inverness, had a population of 181,290 in 2007 (41% of the total population of the region). However, the three regions wholly comprising islands have much lower populations ranging from only 19,815 for the Orkney Islands to 26,326 for the Western Isles (Outer Hebrides). The wide disparity in population size of the NUTS3 regions reflects the administrative arrangements in Scotland. NUTS3 regions UKM64, UKM65 and UKM66 correspond to local authority districts with separate islands councils. These have the same powers as other Scottish local government authorities, but are unusually small and have been granted local government status despite being as small as a special concession.

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17.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Itä-Suomi. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

Eastern Finland covers an area of 85.000 km². It has large drainage areas, water areas that cover 17,5 % of the total surface area. The area is sparsely populated with 8,2 persons per km². The region shares a border with Russia of about 560 km. There are in total 650.000 inhabitants in Itä Suomi area (2010). There are 82,000 inhabitants in Kainuu, 166.000 in North-Karelia and 155,000 in Southern Savonia. The largest centres in the area are Mikkeli, Kajaani, Joensuu and Kuopio.

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18.

Study on the relevance and the effectiveness of ERDF and Cohesion Fund support to regions with specific geographical features : islands, mountainous and sparsely populated areas [er] : second intermediate report. Sterea Ellada, Greece. European Commission. Directorate-General for Regional Policy.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2011.

Summary

Sterea Ellada Region was under Objective 1 during 2000-2006 and it is under Convergence Phasing – in Objective during the 2007-2013 period; actions in the region were financed mainly by the regional OPs program (ref. code 2000 GR 161 PO 005) but also by Cohesion Fund (as Greece’s GDP is less than 90% of the EU average) and national sectoral programs covering more than one continental regions. During the 2007-13 period finances come from a common operational program for Sterea Ellada, Thessalia and Ipeiros (ref cod 2007 GR 16 UP 001) and from the Cohesion Fund.

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