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  • 1.
    book.ebook
    Les dérivés du cannabis à faible teneur en THC en Europe [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    La vente libre de dérivés du cannabis en Europe a suscité des inquiétudes parmi les décideurs politiques, aussi bien au regard du statut juridique de ces produits que de leur dangerosité potentielle. Ces produits sont commercialisés soit pour leur faible teneur en THC (tétrahydrocannabinol), ce qui, d’après les vendeurs, les exempte du contrôle de la législation sur les stupéfiants, soit en tant que sources de CBD (cannabidiol). Cette publication donne un premier aperçu de la situation, en abordant les types de produits à faible teneur en THC disponibles, les profils des usagers, les dangers associés ainsi que les réponses réglementaires en Europe. Les produits à faible teneur en THC qui prennent des formes similaires aux dérivés illicites du cannabis, tels que les mélanges à fumer, les huiles et les produits comestibles, constituent l’un des principaux axes de cette étude. Cette publication souligne les défis auxquels sont confrontés les décideurs politiques et les fournisseurs de produits à faible teneur en THC pour en établir le statut juridique et déterminer les cadres réglementaires qui s’appliquent à leur vente.
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  • 2.
    book
    Les dérivés du cannabis à faible teneur en THC en Europe. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    La vente libre de dérivés du cannabis en Europe a suscité des inquiétudes parmi les décideurs politiques, aussi bien au regard du statut juridique de ces produits que de leur dangerosité potentielle. Ces produits sont commercialisés soit pour leur faible teneur en THC (tétrahydrocannabinol), ce qui, d’après les vendeurs, les exempte du contrôle de la législation sur les stupéfiants, soit en tant que sources de CBD (cannabidiol). Cette publication donne un premier aperçu de la situation, en abordant les types de produits à faible teneur en THC disponibles, les profils des usagers, les dangers associés ainsi que les réponses réglementaires en Europe. Les produits à faible teneur en THC qui prennent des formes similaires aux dérivés illicites du cannabis, tels que les mélanges à fumer, les huiles et les produits comestibles, constituent l’un des principaux axes de cette étude. Cette publication souligne les défis auxquels sont confrontés les décideurs politiques et les fournisseurs de produits à faible teneur en THC pour en établir le statut juridique et déterminer les cadres réglementaires qui s’appliquent à leur vente.
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  • 3.
    book.ebook
    Methamphetamine developments in South Asia [er] : the situation in Iran and the implications for the EU and its neighbours : EU4MD special report. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Iran is a key transhipment point for illicit drugs along the Balkan and Southern trafficking routes. As a result of the large flow of drugs through the country, combined with widespread socioeconomic insecurity due to decades of sanctions and domestic political factors, Iran reports levels of substance dependence that are very high by global standards. Iranian Drug Control Headquarters (DCHQ) reported that in 2019, an estimated 2.8 million Iranians (5.4 % of the adult population aged 15-65) were living with substance use disorders. This included an estimated 225 000 regular methamphetamine users, a reduction from the estimated 400 000 regular users in 2015. It should be noted that estimating community levels of dependent or regular drug use is methodologically and practically challenging so the precision of estimates in this area should be viewed with caution. Since mid-2019, Iranian public officials have reported that methamphetamine use has been increasing due to the influx of cheap Afghan methamphetamine and a simultaneous rise in the prices of other drugs. In the Iranian calendar year 1398 (March 2019 to March 2020), approximately 950 tonnes of drugs was seized in Iran, an increase of 20 % on the previous year. Some 80 % of the total quantity of drugs seized was opium, totalling 761 tonnes and representing a 22 % increase on the previous year. Although methamphetamine, known locally as ‘shisheh’ (meaning ‘glass’ in Persian), represented only 1.8 % of all seizures, 17 tonnes of the drug were seized, which was a considerable increase (208 %) on the previous year. There are now regular reports in the Iranian media featuring statements by authorities claiming that methamphetamine trafficking from Afghanistan is increasing, with traffickers appearing to use pre-existing opiate trafficking networks along the Balkan and Southern routes. In November 2020, the head of the Anti-Narcotics Police announced that between March and November 2020, Iran had seized 10 tonnes of methamphetamine, 9 tonnes of which were reported to have been trafficked from Afghanistan (Babaei, 2020). This report builds on the study published by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) on the Afghan methamphetamine trade (EMCDDA, 2020) and addresses the threats posed by Iran’s potential emergence as a transhipment point for Afghan shisheh, as suggested by a reported increase in methamphetamine seizures originating from Iran and bound for countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania. This report is based on interviews with Iranian drug treatment practitioners, law enforcement officers, United Nations (UN) officials and key informants involved in drug supply, in combination with an analysis of more than 70 Iranian newspaper articles and several Turkish, Kurdish and Australian news articles that outline the scale of methamphetamine trafficking from Iran.
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  • 4.
    book
    Réponses sanitaires et sociales apportées aux problèmes de drogue : un guide européen. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021, c2017.
    Summary
    Ce guide et la documentation en ligne qui l’accompagne constituent un point de référence pour la planification et la mise en œuvre des réponses sanitaires et sociales apportées aux problèmes de drogue en Europe. Les réponses les plus appropriées dépendront des problèmes visés, des contextes dans lesquels ils se présentent et des types d’intervention qui sont possibles et socialement acceptables. En fournissant des informations clés sur certains des problèmes de drogue les plus importants en l’Europe ainsi que sur les réponses disponibles, ce guide a pour ambition d’aider les personnes impliquées dans la lutte contre ces problèmes à élaborer de nouveaux programmes et à améliorer ceux qui existent déjà.
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  • 5.
    book.ebook
    Réponses sanitaires et sociales apportées aux problèmes de drogue [er] : un guide européen. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2018, c2017.
    Summary
    Ce guide et la documentation en ligne qui l’accompagne constituent un point de référence pour la planification et la mise en œuvre des réponses sanitaires et sociales apportées aux problèmes de drogue en Europe. Les réponses les plus appropriées dépendront des problèmes visés, des contextes dans lesquels ils se présentent et des types d’intervention qui sont possibles et socialement acceptables. En fournissant des informations clés sur certains des problèmes de drogue les plus importants en l’Europe ainsi que sur les réponses disponibles, ce guide a pour ambition d’aider les personnes impliquées dans la lutte contre ces problèmes à élaborer de nouveaux programmes et à améliorer ceux qui existent déjà.
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  • 6.
    book
    Cannabisprodukte mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt in Europa. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Der freie Verkauf von Cannabisprodukten in Europa bereitet politischen Entscheidungstragenden Sorge hinsichtlich des rechtlichen Status der Produkte wie auch ihres Gefährdungspotenzials. Die Produkte werden wegen ihres niedrigen Gehalts an THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) vermarktet, der den Anbietenden nach eigener Einschätzung Drogenkontrollen erspart, oder wegen ihres Gehalts an CBD (Cannabidiol). Diese Veröffentlichung bietet einen ersten Überblick über die Situation; sie geht auf die erhältlichen Produktarten mit niedrigem THCGehalt sowie auf Anwenderprofile, Gefährdungen und regulatorische Reaktionen in Europa ein. Den Schwerpunkt der Studie bilden Produkte mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt, die illegalen Cannabisprodukten ähneln, wie Rauchmischungen, Öle und Edibles. Es wird auf die Herausforderungen eingegangen, vor denen sowohl politische Entscheidungstragende als auch diejenigen stehen, die Erzeugnisse mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt vertreiben wollen, wenn es um die Festlegung des rechtlichen Status der Produkte und um die Frage geht, welche Rechtsvorschriften für den Verkauf solcher Produkte gelten.
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  • 7.
    book
    Productos de cannabis con bajo contenido de THC en Europa. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    La venta abierta de productos de cannabis en Europa ha suscitado preocupación entre los responsables políticos, tanto en lo que respecta a la situación jurídica de esos productos como a su capacidad para causar daños. Los productos se comercializan por su bajo contenido de THC (tetrahidrocannabinol), que los vendedores afirman que los exime de la fiscalización en virtud de las legislaciones en materia de drogas, o como fuentes de CBD (cannabidiol). En esta publicación se presenta un panorama inicial de la situación, que abarca los tipos de productos de bajo contenido de THC disponibles, los perfiles de los usuarios, los daños asociados y las respuestas regulatorias en Europa. Los productos bajos en THC que adoptan formas similares a los productos de cannabis ilegales, como las mezclas para fumar, los aceites y los productos comestibles, son un tema principal del presente estudio. En el informe se ponen de relieve los problemas que enfrentan tanto los responsables políticos como quienes desean suministrar productos con bajo contenido de THC en lo que respecta a establecer la situación jurídica de los productos y los marcos normativos que se aplican a su venta.
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  • 8.
    book.ebook
    Cannabisprodukte mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt in Europa [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Der freie Verkauf von Cannabisprodukten in Europa bereitet politischen Entscheidungstragenden Sorge hinsichtlich des rechtlichen Status der Produkte wie auch ihres Gefährdungspotenzials. Die Produkte werden wegen ihres niedrigen Gehalts an THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) vermarktet, der den Anbietenden nach eigener Einschätzung Drogenkontrollen erspart, oder wegen ihres Gehalts an CBD (Cannabidiol). Diese Veröffentlichung bietet einen ersten Überblick über die Situation; sie geht auf die erhältlichen Produktarten mit niedrigem THCGehalt sowie auf Anwenderprofile, Gefährdungen und regulatorische Reaktionen in Europa ein. Den Schwerpunkt der Studie bilden Produkte mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt, die illegalen Cannabisprodukten ähneln, wie Rauchmischungen, Öle und Edibles. Es wird auf die Herausforderungen eingegangen, vor denen sowohl politische Entscheidungstragende als auch diejenigen stehen, die Erzeugnisse mit niedrigem THC-Gehalt vertreiben wollen, wenn es um die Festlegung des rechtlichen Status der Produkte und um die Frage geht, welche Rechtsvorschriften für den Verkauf solcher Produkte gelten.
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  • 9.
    book.ebook
    Productos de cannabis con bajo contenido de THC en Europa [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    La venta abierta de productos de cannabis en Europa ha suscitado preocupación entre los responsables políticos, tanto en lo que respecta a la situación jurídica de esos productos como a su capacidad para causar daños. Los productos se comercializan por su bajo contenido de THC (tetrahidrocannabinol), que los vendedores afirman que los exime de la fiscalización en virtud de las legislaciones en materia de drogas, o como fuentes de CBD (cannabidiol). En esta publicación se presenta un panorama inicial de la situación, que abarca los tipos de productos de bajo contenido de THC disponibles, los perfiles de los usuarios, los daños asociados y las respuestas regulatorias en Europa. Los productos bajos en THC que adoptan formas similares a los productos de cannabis ilegales, como las mezclas para fumar, los aceites y los productos comestibles, son un tema principal del presente estudio. En el informe se ponen de relieve los problemas que enfrentan tanto los responsables políticos como quienes desean suministrar productos con bajo contenido de THC en lo que respecta a establecer la situación jurídica de los productos y los marcos normativos que se aplican a su venta.
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    An analysis of drugs in used syringes from sentinel European cities [er] : results from the ESCAPE project, 2018 and 2019. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    ESCAPE — the European Syringe Collection and Analysis Project Enterprise — aims to identify the range of substances being used by people who inject drugs in a small number of cities in Europe and to monitor changes in patterns of use over time. It is intended that this will provide timely, city-level data that can complement other information and indicators on drug consumption and potential emerging health threats in the region.
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  • 11.
    book.ebook
    European syringe collection and analysis enterprise [er] : generic protocol. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Monitoring of illicit drug use may be difficult, particularly among people who inject drugs, because of the associated stigma. Some people who inject drugs access harm reduction programmes such as needle exchange programmes, where they can return used injecting material and get new and sterile material. It is a cost-effective intervention that reduces the risk of drug-related infectious diseases. Depending on the country and cities where people who inject drugs live, different types of services may be available to them, including low-threshold facilities, drug treatment services, pharmacies and drug consumption rooms. Information on injecting drug use practices can be obtained from surveys conducted in these structures, often on a self-report basis. However, surveys are not always feasible, and people who inject drugs that do not access these services are not reached. In addition, in the case of new substances emerging locally, drug users might not be aware of the real composition of the drugs. This protocol documents a new approach that has been developed to monitor substances injected by people who inject drugs through analytically confirmed data at the local level: the analysis of residual content of used syringes. Used syringes contain traces of drugs that can be analysed to inform public health professionals about injecting drug use, and to contribute to the understanding of drug addiction among people who inject drugs. Used syringes can be collected from low-threshold services where needle exchange programmes are in place. They can also be collected from automatic injection kit dispensers (AIKD) combined with street bins (where people who inject drugs can obtain their new sterile injection kit in return of a used syringe), thereby obtaining injecting material from populations that might not be in contact with health and social services. This method was first implemented by research teams and low-threshold services in France (Paris), Hungary (Budapest) and Switzerland (Lausanne). In 2017, the EMCDDA supported its French focal point (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies) in developing a partnership with European peers involved in this research in order to set up a European multi-city study – the European Syringe Collection and Analysis Enterprise (ESCAPE). The aim of this project is to coordinate a yearly collection campaign of used syringes in a sentinel network of European cities, using a common methodology in order to obtain representative and comparable data on injecting drug use. This generic protocol outlines the methodology. It is used by participating study sites to develop their own study protocol, taking into account local specificities while guaranteeing a common European analysis.
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  • 12.
    book
    Single programming document 2021–2023. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    This Single Programming Document (SPD) covers the period 2021–2023. It is structured around the three main areas of work defined in the EMCDDA Strategy 2025, namely: Health; Security; and Business Drivers. The concrete priorities of work are defined every year within these main areas, and they are presented in the annual work programme, which is part of the SPD. For SPD 2021–2023, this is the 2021 work programme, which is presented in Section III of the document. These annual priorities are embedded in the overall priorities defined in the EMCDDA recast Regulation, which form the bedrock of this SPD 2021–2023. These are: (a) monitoring the state of the drugs problem, in particular using epidemiological indicators, and monitoring emerging trends; (b) monitoring the solutions applied to drug-related problems, providing information on best practices in the Member States and facilitating information exchange among them; (c) assessing the risks of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and maintaining a rapid information system; and (d) developing tools and instruments to help Member States to monitor and evaluate their national policies, and the European Commission to monitor and evaluate EU policies.
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  • 13.
    book.ebook
    Single programming document 2021–2023 [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    This Single Programming Document (SPD) covers the period 2021–2023. It is structured around the three main areas of work defined in the EMCDDA Strategy 2025, namely: Health; Security; and Business Drivers. The concrete priorities of work are defined every year within these main areas, and they are presented in the annual work programme, which is part of the SPD. For SPD 2021–2023, this is the 2021 work programme, which is presented in Section III of the document. These annual priorities are embedded in the overall priorities defined in the EMCDDA recast Regulation, which form the bedrock of this SPD 2021–2023. These are: (a) monitoring the state of the drugs problem, in particular using epidemiological indicators, and monitoring emerging trends; (b) monitoring the solutions applied to drug-related problems, providing information on best practices in the Member States and facilitating information exchange among them; (c) assessing the risks of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and maintaining a rapid information system; and (d) developing tools and instruments to help Member States to monitor and evaluate their national policies, and the European Commission to monitor and evaluate EU policies.
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  • 14.
    book.ebook
    Balancing access to opioid substitution treatment with preventing the diversion of opioid substitution medications in Europe [er] : challenges and implications. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Opioid use and its consequences represent a serious global public health concern, with high levels of opioid-related deaths. Compelling scientific evidence has been accumulated over recent decades regarding the benefits of opioid substitution treatment (OST) in treating opioid dependence and in ameliorating its associated health and social consequences. It is estimated that in 2018 nearly half of the 1.3 million high-risk opioid users in the European Union were receiving this treatment. However, recent years have seen increasing debate about the worrying levels of diversion and misuse of OST medications, which appear to be playing an increasing role in the European drug problem. For example, nearly 15 % of clients entering specialised drug treatment for an opioid problem in recent years in the European Union, Norway and Turkey sought treatment for problems associated with the misuse of an OST medication. Available European data indicate that diverted prescription OST medications originate principally from domestic supplies. In Europe, the primary sources for high-risk opioid users to acquire OST medications for non-medical use are friends and family (who generally obtain them through legitimate medical supply), drug dealers and their own legitimate medical prescriptions. Cross-border trafficking and the internet appear to play a lesser role in supply. The large majority of individuals misusing prescription OST medications in the European Union are long-term high-risk opioid users with a history of opioid dependence and past treatment experiences. Two out of three treatment entrants for primary methadone misuse reported having been in OST before. According to European studies, not being in OST remains, however, one of the most important factors in the misuse of prescription OST medications and, in this case, OST medications may be used primarily for self-medication purposes. Clearly, it is a challenge for, but also a responsibility of, the stakeholders involved in the provision of OST to ensure the availability and accessibility of this effective treatment while developing and implementing effective anti-diversion policies. To improve our understanding of the underlying factors associated with the increasing levels of misuse of OST medications in Europe, the current report analyses various dimensions of the history, availability, diversion and misuse of OST medications in European countries. The objective is to explore, at a systemic level, the relationship between these dimensions and to identify potential implications for policy and practice at national and European levels.
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  • 15.
    book.ebook
    4F-MDMB-BICA [er] : EMCDDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance methyl 2-({[1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (4F-MDMB-BICA) : in accordance with Article 5b of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended). European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Methyl 2-({[1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]carbonyl}amino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (4FMDMB- BICA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis. Because of their high potency, synthetic cannabinoids can pose a high risk of severe poisoning, which in some cases can be fatal. In Europe, 4F-MDMB-BICA is monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) as a new psychoactive substance through the European Union Early Warning System (EWS) in accordance with Article 5a of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended). 4F-MDMB-BICA was formally notified as a new psychoactive substance by the EMCDDA on behalf of Belgium on 2 July 2020. The notification was based on the identification of the substance in 1.5 kg of white powder seized by Belgian customs at Bierset Airport, Belgium, on 31 March 2020. The seizure originated from China and was en route to the Netherlands. Since the formal notification, information on 4F-MDMB-BICA has been exchanged between the EMCDDA and the European Union EWS network (EMCDDA, Europol, Reitox national focal points and the Commission); the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has been kept duly informed.
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  • 16.
    book.ebook
    MDMB-4en-PINACA [er] : EMCDDA initial report on the new psychoactive substance methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA) : in accordance with Article 5b of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended). European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    Methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB- 4en-PINACA) is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist. Similar to other synthetic cannabinoids, it is sold as a ‘legal’ replacement for cannabis and controlled synthetic cannabinoids. Because of their high potency, synthetic cannabinoids can pose a high risk of severe poisoning, which in some cases can be fatal. In Europe, MDMB-4en-PINACA is monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) as a new psychoactive substance (1) through the European Union Early Warning System (EWS) in accordance with Article 5a of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended) (2,3). MDMB-4en-PINACA was formally notified as a new psychoactive substance (4,5) by the EMCDDA on behalf of Slovenia on 23 August 2018. The notification related to a collected sample (test purchase) of 7.89 g of yellow powder. However, based on information subsequently reported to the EMCDDA by Germany concerning a seizure made by police, MDMB-4en-PINACA has been available on the European drug market since at least 2017. Since the formal notification, information on MDMB-4en-PINACA has been exchanged between the EMCDDA and the European Union EWS network (EMCDDA, Europol, Reitox national focal points and the Commission); the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has been kept duly informed.
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  • 17.
    book.ebook
    EMCDDA operating guidelines for the risk assessment of new psychoactive substances [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure compliance with the scope and requirements of Regulation (EC) No 1920/2006 (as amended) and Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA (as amended) in respect to the risk assessment procedure for and reporting on new psychoactive substances.
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  • 18.
    book.ebook
    Low-THC cannabis products in Europe [er]. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    The open sale of cannabis products in Europe has raised concerns among policymakers, both with regard to the legal status of these products and their potential for harm. The products are marketed for their low THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content, which sellers claim exempt them from control by drug laws, or as sources of CBD (cannabidiol). This publication presents an initial overview of the situation, covering the types of low-THC products available, user profiles, associated harms and regulatory responses in Europe. Low-THC products that take forms similar to illicit cannabis products, such as smoking mixtures, oils and edibles, are a primary focus of this study. The report highlights the challenges facing both policymakers and those wishing to supply low-THC products regarding establishing the legal status of the products and which regulatory frameworks apply to their sale.
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  • 19.
    book
    Low-THC cannabis products in Europe. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    The open sale of cannabis products in Europe has raised concerns among policymakers, both with regard to the legal status of these products and their potential for harm. The products are marketed for their low THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) content, which sellers claim exempt them from control by drug laws, or as sources of CBD (cannabidiol). This publication presents an initial overview of the situation, covering the types of low-THC products available, user profiles, associated harms and regulatory responses in Europe. Low-THC products that take forms similar to illicit cannabis products, such as smoking mixtures, oils and edibles, are a primary focus of this study. The report highlights the challenges facing both policymakers and those wishing to supply low-THC products regarding establishing the legal status of the products and which regulatory frameworks apply to their sale.
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  • 20.
    book
    New psychoactive substances : global markets, glocal threats and the COVID-19 pandemic : an update from the EU early warning system. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2020.
    Summary
    In this update from the EU Early Warning System, the EMCDDA aims to provide insights into what is happening with new psychoactive substances in Europe, based on data from the agency’s early warning and risk-assessment activities. This report covers the period until October 2020.
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