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  • EUR. Research Fund for Coal and Steel ; X
Results 1 to 20 of 218
  • 1.
    book.ebook
    Improved utilisation of the results from automatic surface inspection systems (IRSIS) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    With respect to customers’ ever-increasing surface quality requirements, automatic surface inspection systems (ASIS) have become more and more popular within the European flat steel sector over the last few years. As ASIS tuning formerly had the main focus, nowadays the in-depth utilisation of the results comes more to the fore, but there is no generalised approach on how to handle the data and improve their utilisation. That issue is addressed by this project.
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  • 2.
    book.ebook
    Development of an innovative hybrid procedure for combining tension-levelling and skin pass rolling : HYPROCOM [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The elimination of the yield elongation with its appearance of the so called Lüder´s lines and transfer of surface texture up to now is realised by the skin pass rolling process. In case of highest flatness requirements a subsequent tension levelling process is put into operation. Due to the extended use of high strength materials and the high surface texture requirements two main problems arise. Regarding high strength steel grades requiring high roll force for yield elongation elimination extreme roll wear and strongly reduced service life is the consequence. Otherwise soft steel grades, requiring only small amount of skin pass deformations and thus rolled with only light roll forces, demand for higher roll forces to ensure sufficient roughness transfer. It gets obvious that the roll force has to fulfil two main but conflicting functionalities: Skin pass reduction for yield elongation elimination and surface roughness transfer. Thus the main objective of the project is the development of an innovative strip finishing procedure by combining tension levelling and skin pass rolling into one production step and thus to overcome restrictions given with the common skin pass process and to shorten the process chain. It could be demonstrated that the new hybrid process is able to adjust material mechanical and surface roughness properties independently. The required roll force could be reduced by 25 %.
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  • 3.
    book.ebook
    Fire resistance of long span cellular beam made of rolled profiles (FICEB) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The aim of this project is to develop uniform European design rules for protected and unprotected cellular beams (CB) constructed of rolled sections subjected to fire. The use of cellular beams (CB) will be increased by minimising and optimising the cost of fire protection and by allowing a wider use of unprotected CB. This will greatly benefit long span construction, and increase the market share of steel. These results will be achieved based on the development of a new design code of single CB subjected to fire as well as an extended methodology considering the whole floor structure and the beneficial effects of the adjacent members. The reliability of the developed tools will be based on large-scale tests in order to provide a cost-effective design methodology. A set of practical design recommendations will be developed in order to satisfy all the requirements of fire-safe engineering.
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  • 4.
    book.ebook
    Operational demonstration of innovative and sustainable nitrate elimination in stainless steel pickling by higher power biological denitrification technique (BioDemo) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    In this pilot project biological denitrification was proved to be a reliable environment friendly and cost-saving alternative for the disposal of the nitrate-rich pickling process water from the steel industry. In the operational trials a new carbon source on a glycerine basis was considered the best for this application. A novel low-fouling polymer membrane was developed and produced. Its permeability (10.3 L/(m²*h*bar)) was lower than that of the commercially available membranes (31 to 202 L/(m²*h*bar)). The costs for the developed membrane (34 €/m²) were lower than for the commercial polymer (95 €/m²) or ceramic membranes (1000 €/m³) but the high filtration area needed diminished the financial advantages. Chamber filter press and membranes showed the best biomass separation performance. By the sludge dewatering, the chamber filter press was optimised to reach the dry matter content of 73 %. For a stable pilot plant operation, a reactor feed strategy with a constant nitrate load was developed. The optimisation of the overall process control took place by specially configured automatic nitrate-measuring devices in the influent and the effluent. The nitrate measurement was enhanced by an exclusively designed sample pre-cleaning on a sedimentation basis. In the long term trials with the pilot treatment plant at the DEW site stable nitrate elimination rates > 95% were observed. The industrial application of the developed nitrate elimination process is completely new and innovative. With this process the steel industry possesses a tool for implementation of a zero nitrate emission strategy in pickling lines with nitric and hydrofluoric acid. It saves water resources and reduces disposal costs.
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  • 5.
    book.ebook
    Economic and durable design of composite bridges with integral abutments (INTAB+) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    In the design and construction of bridges, questions of sustainability, maintenance and durability become more and more important for European road administrations in addition to safety and serviceability issues. Therefore integral abutment bridges become highly attractive to designers, constructors and road administrations as they tend to be less expensive to build, easier to maintain and more economical to own over their lifetime. However in Europe less experience in building integral bridges has been gained so far. Therefore in 2005 the European RFCS-projects INTAB has been launched. Within the scope of the project, universities, consulting engineering companies as well as steel producers worked together to develop economic and safe solutions for composite bridges with integral abutments. Significant knowledge has been gained and cost-effective, environmentally friendly and sustainable bridge structures have been developed. Furthermore their durability has been proven to obtain competitive composite bridges for small and medium spans. The outcome of that project was reworked within the scope of the current project to make it available to a larger number of practitioners. To disseminate the knowledge, two workshops have been organised. A design guide was written and translated into German and French. It was completed by a design example as well as CEN-recommendations regarding actual Eurocodes. A software tool was written to help designers to perform some calculations regarding the design of integral abutment bridges. Finally a website was set up to establish a sustainable presence on the web where all information will be available in the future as well.
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  • 6.
    book.ebook
    Application of the biomass, oxyfuel and flameless combustion for the utilisation of pulverised coals for electricity generation (BOFCom) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    This project aimed to develop efficient, low-carbon options for coal use in coal-fired power plants by integrating three technologies: coal-biomass co-firing, oxyfuel and flameless combustion. A novel concept was developed by using: (a) lab-scale experiments to assess the behaviour of fuels and blends under oxyfuel conditions, (b) pilot scale tests to evaluate optimised configurations, and (c) mathematical models to study the application of the combined configuration for existing and new-build applications. The lab-scale tests assessed deposit formation phenomena using selected coals and biomass blends. The pilot-scale trials provided information on radiative and convective heat transfer and flame characteristics for different recirculation ratios, giving an indication of the likely behaviour of full-scale boilers. Finally, CFD simulations were used to assess the overall effect of retrofitting conventional full-scale power plants, making use of data generated in the experimental tasks. The results indicate clear changes in heat transfer patterns when retrofitting oxy-fuel technology, giving rise to specific implications for flame stability and ash deposition. These properties were measured for different coal and biomass fuels. The combination with flameless combustion gave an indication of the effects of mixing and the impact of high CO2 levels when designing retrofit and new-build installations. ASPENplus calculations demonstrated the increased possibilities of heat integration for retrofit boilers, due to the higher oxyfuel combustion temperatures and the increased cooling requirements of the air and CO2 compressors. Techno-economic studies compared the available state-of-the-art of the involved technologies and assessed the economic viability of the combined BOFCom concept.
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  • 7.
    book.ebook
    Improvement of hearth drainage efficiency and refractory life for high BF productivity and a well-adjusted reductant injection rate at varying coke quality (hearth efficiency) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    A new deadman (DM) porosity and position criterion was developed using bottom temperature and tapping data. This was established online at industrial plants. The ultrasound technique AU-E seems promising to assist with conventional wear determination. Copper was successfully established for hearth tracing tests to replace radioactive materials. Refractory samples from industrial BFs at campaign end were analysed. The aging influences depend on BF operation and refractory. Feed coke and DM core-drill coke symplex were analysed with various methods. The differences were assigned to BF charging and way of operation. Hearth samples from industrial and experimental BFs at campaign ends were analysed. The correlation between BF operation and brittle layer formation was determined using historic BF data. The influence of DM permeability on the hearth drainage was studied via simulation models. Different hearth drainage and tapping conditions were studied experimentally, numerically and by comparison with industrial tracing test results. EBF simulations were performed to investigate raceway combustion and hearth flow. Tapping models were developed based on image processing, EMF, data classification or two-phase flow. They show the effect of hearth and liquid states on drainage. New techniques were developed for the online measurement of HM temperature in runners and accurate hearth liquid level prediction. Temperature and mechanical stresses of BF hearth refractory were modelled using FEM. Approaches with different commercial FEM tools were compared and consistent results were obtained. The influences of different model assumptions were determined. New concepts were introduced to reduce stresses, brittle zones and wear.
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  • 8.
    book.ebook
    Process-based steel cleanliness investigations and rapid metallurgical screening of inclusions by modern PDA techniques (Ramsci) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The main objective of this project is to improve the methods for control of metallurgical processes, by introducing online determination of non-metallic inclusion characteristics based on OES-PDA. The work has included method development, software development and several plant trial campaigns. Within the first part of the project, process sampling was developed and tested to a stage where representative sampling with respect to inclusion characteristics was assured. The instrumental parameters, data acquisition and data evaluation were investigated and standardised to a large extent. With these objectives realised, extensive plant trial campaigns could be carried out. The results of these have been evaluated and served as a basis for general recommendations on how to use OES-PDA in practical online applications. In an iterative process, the methods for data acquisition and data evaluation have progressively been improved during the project, and implemented in user-friendly software, also available to all partners on a web-based server. In addition, a set of reference material (RM) has been produced and certified for verification of analytical results. The result of these achievements is that OES-PDA is now implemented as part of routine analysis in several steelworks, using significantly improved and nearly standardised analytical procedures. In addition it should be pointed out that this project has provided an excellent example of cooperation in the spirit of ‘the European dimension’. This has of course contributed very much to the success of the project.
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  • 9.
    book.ebook
    Improvement to steel cleanness, castability and surface quality through the application of magneto - hydrodynamics during pouring and solidification (Magnetohydro) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    This collaborative project was coordinated by Tata Steel UK. It involved Gerdau- Sidenor I+D, voestalpine Stahl Donawitz GmbH (VASD), BFI, ArcelorMittal Research and Aalto University (TKK). The objective of this research was to improve steel cleanness, including improvement of the size and distribution of inclusions in the cast product, and to improve its final properties. The processing conditions and segregation were aimed at improving the use of conventional single mode and modern multimode mould electromagnetic stirring for long and flat products. The characterisation of the data and cast industrial samples at Tata Steel, Sidenor, VASD and ArcelorMittal using modified stirring, laboratory ductility investigations, offline and in-mould measurements of meniscus velocity, temperature, flow and surface waves height have helped to optimise the casting conditions for different casting formats. The improved steel cleanness, minimised powder entrapment and energy savings were achieved using practical information on flow and inclusions, supported by numerical and physical modelling by BFI, ArcelorMittal, TKK and Sidenor. The numerical models were validated with the practical information on inclusions and meniscus flow. The novel application of EM forces to control the meniscus flow and flow in the SEN was also investigated. Laboratory-based feasibility studies using the trial facilities at Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (FZD), Germany, and the numerical and physical modelling by BFI, TKK and ArcelorMittal Research have shown that the rotational frequency of the external stirrer changed the flow within the SEN and in the mould. This has opened the way to assess the practical application of this technology on a larger scale casting.
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    Innovative approach for steel design procedures tailored to component machining (Promach) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The objectives of the Promach project were, on the one hand, determination of microstructural effects on machinability improvement technologies for engineering steels at the same strength level, and, on the other hand, definition of a steel design procedure to minimise running costs of mechanical components of strength above 900 MPa. Steels with improved machinability by means of the control metallic/non-metallic inclusions (low S, medium S, high S, Ca treatment and lead addition) and with different microstructures (pearlitic, bainitic and tempered martensitic steels) with Rm between 900 and 1 000 MPa have been studied. A complete mechanical and metallurgical characterisation was performed on the 15 manufactured grades. The machining tests included the following. • Basic machining operations: turning V15, drilling (3D, 5D and 20D). • Screening for chip controlled breakability. • Orthogonal cutting operations: force and temperature measurements, high-speed filming and quick-stop tests. • Semi-industrial machining: tapping and autolathe tests. In tool-wear-related tests, pearlitic steels (%S 0.040–0.090 %) tend to perform the best, and also good results are obtained with bainitic steels. For all the microstructures, leaded and high S grades had the higher machinability. In chip-quality-related tests, leaded grades are the best ranked, and also steels with temp. martensitic and bainitic microstructures. A steel design procedure was developed by means of a benefit or utility analysis, using the four targets of criterion chip form, cutting force, surface quality and tool life typically more critical for machinability. Cost savings taking as reference real crankshaft production data were also calculated for turning and drilling operations.
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  • 11.
    book.ebook
    High-strength tower in steel for wind turbines (Histwin) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    Innovative solutions for assembling joints of a tubular tower for wind turbines were studied and the project provides a background for design. This solution is simpler to produce and 80 % less expensive than traditional flange connection. Our feasibility study at the production plant indicates that the towers would be easy to assemble in situ. In addition to the direct cost savings due to the technical simplicity of the solution, the higher fatigue endurance than that of the flange connection is experimentally established. Further reduction of costs due to optimal use of higher-strength steel grades, especially in the bottom segments of the tower where the stiffening of the door opening is costly, is shown in the report. The total reduction of the costs for tower is estimated at about 10–15 % compared to the traditional tower. The project objectives are achieved in following sequences. • Experimental activities of the friction connection: small-scale tests to establish resistance of the friction connection for a variety of faying surfaces and bolt types, accompanying testing to ensure realistic input data for FEA, long-term testing to establish loss of pretension forces during the lifetime and fatigue tests. • Bending test of the friction and flange connection in a down-scaled tower. • Feasibility of production of the tower segments in the laboratory and at the production plant. • Monitoring of the existing tower to access a stress variation during the operation. • FEA analysis of experimental results and a complete case study of the monitored tower. Numerical examples for design of the friction connection are given for the sake of illustration and to encourage use of the new connection.
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  • 12.
    book.ebook
    Innovative non-contact, non-destructive sensors for automatic detection of surface and internal defects in hot continuously cast products (NDTCASTING) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    This was a cooperative project involving VDEh-Betriebsforschungsinstitut GmbH (BFI), Tata Steel RD & T Teesside Technology Centre (formerly Corus), ArcelorMittal R & D Technological Centre — Centro Desarollo Tecnológico and Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna (SSSA). The focus was to develop innovative non-contact, non-destructive sensors for automatic detection of surface and internal defects in hot continuously cast products. BFI has developed a technique, based on the ultrasound pulse-echo method. BFI’s technique uses non-contact EMATs to both generate and receive ultrasonic signals. BFI has investigated the use of the developed phased-array system for surface and sub-surface defects. The inspection system can find defects on steel products, even if the surface is rough and contains oscillation marks and scale oxide. Tata Steel has carried out work to develop a prototype Laser-EMAT system. This has been installed on the pilot caster at Tata Steel. Extensive trials have been carried out on cold steel samples below the Curie temperature with good results but hot steel trials have been of limited success. The Laser-EMAT device has been equipped by SSSA with complete software for data visualisation and analysis and BFI has also developed the necessary tools for ultrasound data interpretation. ArcelorMittal worked in the extension of the application field of its CH system. As a result, defects such as very thin and zigzag cracks can now be reliably detected. A system to check the quality during and after scarfing was developed and integrated in the plant. A software tool for tracing slabs through the mill was developed, allowing downstream evaluation of the defects.
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  • 13.
    book.ebook
    Online control of desulphurisation and degassing through ladle bubbling under vacuum (Ondeco) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The project objectives are to characterise gas stirring during ladle metallurgy using vibration and camera sensors, and to develop innovative signal processing for obtaining representative indices, used as input into online metallurgical models for adjusting and improving the process. DH and ArcelorMittal selected accelerometers as vibration sensors for the vacuum tank degasser. The effect of pressure and gas flow rate on the vibration signal was quantified by trials on ladle water models and steel plant. The measuring system efficiency is confirmed by long-term trials. A correlation provides the real gas flow rate from measured vibration index and vessel pressure. Available offline desulphurisation and degassing models were transformed into online models fed by process parameters and the vibration index. The model’s connection to level 2 is successfully terminated. The vacuum treatment progress will be online controlled and optimised with simultaneous model calculations. VASL developed signal processing of optical camera images with fuzzy logic, providing the gas purging intensity during ladle furnace treatment and introduced a purging index combining stirring time. A linear model relating the desulphurisation degree with the purging index was proposed for grade families with different sulphur aims. The steel microcleanliness is linked to the purging index and higher purging indices correspond to bad castability, however with scatter. The online purging index is permanently integrated to the ladle furnace 1 automation and control level.
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  • 14.
    book.ebook
    Reduction of shape defects and yield losses by advanced online adaptation of control systems and new operating strategies in heavy plate rolling mills (SHAPEHPM) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The aim of the project was the reduction of shape defects and yield losses in heavy plate rolling by providing new operating strategies, ski-end control and optimised set-up adaptation for ski and control for camber/thickness profile. This approach encompasses the application of the new topometrical measurement system TopPlan® to collect data on plan view shape and ski, advanced FE modelling and rules to predict shape defects and the development and use of advanced online models for ski control. To compensate for the deficits of conventional models and control methods, iterative learning control was developed for a pass-to-pass set-up adaptation of ski control and of camber control that takes into account the cross-thickness profile. The concept has been optimised by runs of a real time HPM simulator built up by online models to predict shape and ski. The developments have been based on the following. • Comprehensive data acquisition campaigns under typical operational conditions on a plate mill inclusive of online flatness measurements. • Pilot mill trials to investigate the influence of the shape factor on the ski-end formation applying a transportable ski-measurement system based on image processing. • Advanced finite element (FE) models of plate rolling roughing stand. • A simplified empirical model describing incremental plan view shape (PVS) evolution on a pass-by-pass basis and application at plate mills. • A ski-form model based on gram decomposition and its application for ski control.
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  • 15.
    book.ebook
    Advanced characterisation techniques for novel zinc based alloy coatings (ADCTEC) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    A wide variety of alloyed Zn-based coatings of both PVD and HDG types have been produced for the project. All materials have been thoroughly investigated by several advanced analytical techniques and wet chemical reference methods. A LIBS demonstrator system for online trials has been developed. This system has been installed and tested in a pilot plant with good results. Accelerated corrosion tests on all project materials have been carried out. The tests confirm the strongly positive influence of Mg on the corrosion resistance. No significant differences were found between HDG and PVD coating types in terms of corrosion resistance. All very thin coatings < 4 μm showed poor corrosion properties, in spite of high Mg content. A breakthrough in intelligent data processing has been achieved in correlating a limited set of analytical data to corrosion properties.
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  • 16.
    book.ebook
    New market chances for steel structures by innovative fastening solutions between steel and concrete (Infaso) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The objective of Infaso is to promote and encourage the wider use of steel in buildings where until now only concrete has been used. This will be achieved by simple, efficient joints allowing for quick and easy connection of steel beams or columns to concrete structures. Nowadays in most European countries there is a strong market dominance of concrete as a building material. One important reason is that engineers in practice are often not used to design steel joints. Also some structural elements such as foundations or staircases have to be made of concrete. Due to a gap between the design of fastenings in concrete and steel design and missing standardised joint solutions, designers often find the easiest solution is to realise the whole structure in concrete, although an innovative steel-to-concrete solution would be the better choice according to the performance of the materials. Therefore new market possibilities for steel structures as a building material can be generated by developing innovative fastening solutions between steel and concrete for mixed building structures which profit from the advantages of steel as a very flexible and applicable material. Out of a range of possible solutions, three standardised solutions have been developed which show high loading capacity and sufficient ductility and allow for easy fabrication and quick erection. As a specific enhancement to existing design, increased capacity by additional reinforcement can now be taken into account. Thus Infaso’s aim of developing an economic and consistent design model for such steel-to-concrete joints which considers the needs of steel and concrete for designers and helps to increase the implementation of steel composite structures has been reached.
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  • 17.
    book.ebook
    Increased productivity and safety of European coalmines through advanced techniques, knowledge and planning tools enabling strata control of the face-roadway junction (Prosafecoal) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    By reviews and examinations, basic data on current face end support design practices, experiences with cable-bolting, 2D-modelling and mine layouts were compiled and evaluated. They vary widely across Europe. A wide range of improved and new support systems were tested and the results incorporated into the NIOSH STOP programme and a handbook. A triaxial test cell for a new cable bolt testing bench was built and used. Geotechnical investigations were carried out, such as load and stress measurements, surveys of geological and geotechnical characteristics (especially joints and fractures) and gob reconsolidation, over a wide range of European mines. Interactions were evaluated (geology, joints systems and properties, seam structure, excavation methods, support design), methodologies developed concerning gob reconsolidation and support under caving gobs, and a shear test apparatus was built and used. Through these results, novel numerical 3D-modelling tools (FLAC-3D) for support elements and mine layouts’ inclusive face-roadway junctions could be developed, calibrated, applied and validated. This complex and highly automated model is universally applicable for all roadway types usual in Europe and for a large number of support elements. Due to short modelling and calculation times, it is now possible to use 3D-modelling as a standard feature for underground mine planning. A logical tree was developed in which improved support management systems from German, Polish and British coal mine types were integrated. This could enable users to define a methodology tailored to the actual conditions of a mine. Improved support design and management was developed and successfully tested, including at multi-slice longwall extraction.
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  • 18.
    book.ebook
    Flatness set-up in hot strip mills tailored to the demands of next step processes and final customers (GLOBALSHAPECONTROL) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    The claim to produce flat products in hot strip rolling lines strictly tailored to the demands of next step processes and final customers has been tackled for a long time only in terms of enhanced local flatness of the strip in the line. Thus the core aim of the project is the development of a coordinated flatness set-up system, based on an ‘Adaptive Flatness Predictor’, which optimises all actuator set points relevant for the evolution of flatness downstream from the exit of the finishing train to the cold coil and takes into account all process and actuator constraints inclusive of the special conditions of edge masking. The basis for the development of the coordinated flatness set-up system was the performance of rolling trials at a pilot line, field investigations at HSMs and structured data analysis to identify the parameters of a hybrid model of flatness evolution downstream the complete line.
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  • 19.
    book.ebook
    Advance drivage and roadheading intelligent systems (ADRIS) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    ADRIS was a three year research project whose main target was to develop technologies to increase the efficiency of the preparatory works needed to open new exploitation areas in underground coal mines. The project was intended to identify the main automation needs for coal mining roadheading process in both horizontal and vertical seam mines. For horizontal seams, the development of these technologies involved the fully automation of roadheaders, which included the development of automated cutting simulation software using gathered information from real operational procedures, the analysis and simulation of path planning algorithms, strategies for self adaptation to geological conditions and the real time detection of the coal/rock interface using laser scanners. For vertical seams, the need for the implementation of an automated roof support installation system and the development of a cutting process avoiding drilling and blasting generated the design and development of a newly designed multi tool arm manipulator. Additionally the study of some blue skies technologies were included inside the scope of the project like the design of roof support and cutting sequences using geological simulation tools, a thorough study of New Rock Fragmentation Technologies (NRFT) using electrofracture mechanisms or a self advancing support system.
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  • 20.
    book.ebook
    Optimisation and improvement of the flame straightening process (Optistraight) [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2012.
    Summary
    Flame straightening is a manufacturing process for achieving geometry of elements and members made up of structural steel. The technical background on flame straightening in the workshops of steel constructors is often based only on empirical knowledge, if it exists at all. As a consequence, the straightening of steel construction elements to achieve the required geometrical shape absorbs a large part of the manufacturing costs. This is due to uncertainty about the correct flame straightening process and the lack of background knowledge on its effects. Even though in scientific circles there is some knowledge on the mechanisms of flame straightening for different temperatures, holding times and steel grades, the knowledge is scattered, not well documented and has not been transferred to complex steel structures, sections, stiffness and real (extended) geometries. Also, application techniques, flame straightening procedures and an insight parameter clarification in particular for high strength steels do not exist at all. This report presents the results of the European research project Optistraight. Through experimental, numerical and analytical investigations, the mechanisms of different flame straightening processes have been clarified. Together with the available, but scattered, knowledge on this fabrication process the results give an in-depth view of the flame straightening process. Based upon this knowledge, prediction means have been developed to estimate the straightening result beforehand and to avoid expensive ‘trial-and-error’ tests, detrimental impacts on the material or excessive energy inputs.
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