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  • 1.
    book.ebook
    More perceptions, opinion survey on adult learning and continuing vocational education and training in Europe [er]. Volume 2, Views of adults in Europe. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    In this second volume on the findings of its second opinion survey on adult learning and continuing vocational education and training (CVET), Cedefop has analysed the views of more than 40,000 people aged over 25 in the European Union, Iceland and Norway. The aim is to see how different circumstances, such as age, level of education and occupation, influence views of adult learning and CVET. It shows that adults strongly support adult learning and CVET and have a firm belief in the benefits they bring. However, participation in adult learning and CVET is not determined so much by the positive image and attractiveness, but by the unique circumstances that individuals face in their working lives. To help people better, aspects of vocational education and training policy need a rethink.
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  • 2.
    book.ebook
    Interoperability assessment programme study [er] : 2019-2020 : common core curriculum for border and coast guard basic training in the European Union : report. European Border and Coast Guard Agency.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
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  • 3.
    book.ebook
    Contingency plan for ensuring food supply and food security [er] : workshop report. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report constitutes a compilation of the principal issues raised by speakers at an online workshop jointly organised by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) together with the Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural Development (AGRI), the Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MARE) and the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (SANTE) on the ‘Contingency plan for ensuring food supply and food security’ held on 20 May 2021. The objective of the workshop was to assist in the preparation of the EU contingency plan to ensure the future food supply and food security proposed by the European Commission in its Farm to Fork Strategy. The workshop was organised around five topics: crisis preparedness and crisis management – modern conceptual framework, risks, threats, vulnerabilities to food security – how do you identify the key ones?, businesses – how do (food supply chain) companies prepare and respond to crisis?, government-level preparation for food crises, mechanisms of coordination between countries at EU and global level. The context for the workshop was the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, which raised awareness of the need to prepare for a possible food supply crisis in Europe.
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  • 4.
    book.ebook
    Irak [er] : güvenlik durumu : menşe ülke bilgisi raporu. European Asylum Support Office.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2020], c2020.
    Summary
    Bu güvenlik durumu raporunun amacı, mülteci statüsü ve ikincil koruma dâhil olmak üzere uluslararası koruma statüsü tespitinin değerlendirilmesi ve özellikle EASO’nun Irak hakkında ülke rehberliği geliştirmesinde kullanılması ile ilgili bilgiler sağlamaktır.
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  • 5.
    book.ebook
    Smart specialisation, sustainable development goals and environmental commons [er] : conceptual framework in the context of EU policy. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    This report contributes to a new transformative narrative aligning Smart Specialisation with the UN 2030 Agenda and the European Green Deal by offering directionality towards the Sustainable Development Goals and combining different levels of policy to achieve the needed sustainability transformations. The report highlights the role of policy coherence and coordination for the transformation. It presents approaches to increase policy coherence to harness synergies and alleviate trade-offs across different objectives with a focus on environmental issues. Throughout this report a number of selected cases is used to illustrate the conceptual discussion developed in a more theoretical part of the report. These cases presented in the report cover countries and regions from within and outside the European Union. Both EU and third countries present lessons learnt on the different topics linked to Smart Specialisation, sustainability and environmental commons. The report concludes by a discussion on how to orient existing smart specialisation approaches towards sustainability challenges and the achievement of the SDGs. This is a part of a broader ongoing effort on place-based innovation strategies for sustainability (S4).
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  • 6.
    book.ebook
    Soluções globais, parcerias internacionais [er] : relatório 2021 do Banco Europeu de Investimento sobre o desenvolvimento. European Investment Bank.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : EIB, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    A crise climática e a pandemia de COVID-19 vieram recordar-nos que não podemos enfrentar sozinhos os nossos desafios: as nossas soluções têm de ser globais. O Banco Europeu de Investimento está no centro dos esforços envidados para transformar as iniciativas políticas da UE em soluções de verdadeiro desenvolvimento no terreno. O presente relatório oferece-nos uma perspetiva sobre os projectos e iniciativas vitais que o BEI realiza no exterior da União Europeia, apresenta dados sobre o seu impacto e lança ideias para o futuro do desenvolvimento através de uma série de ensaios de especialistas.
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  • 7.
    book.ebook
    Solutions mondiales, partenariats internationaux [er] : rapport 2021 de la Banque européenne d’investissement sur le développement. European Investment Bank.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : EIB, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    La crise climatique et la pandémie de COVID-19 nous rappellent que nous ne pouvons pas relever à nous seuls les défis auxquels nous faisons face : nos solutions doivent être mondiales. La Banque européenne d’investissement est au cœur des efforts déployés pour transformer les initiatives politiques prises par l’UE en véritables solutions de développement sur le terrain. Ce rapport donne un aperçu des projets et initiatives essentiels que nous menons à l’extérieur de l’Union européenne, tout en fournissant des données sur leur impact et un éclairage sur les perspectives du développement grâce à une série d’essais rédigés par des experts.
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  • 8.
    book.ebook
    Soluciones globales, cooperación international [er] : Banco Europeo de Inversiones informe 2021 sobre el desarrollo. European Investment Bank.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : EIB, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    La crisis climática, el desplazamiento masivo de personas y la dimensión internacional de la pandemia de COVID-19 nos recuerdan que no podemos enfrentarnos a estos retos en solitario: las soluciones deben ser mundiales. El Banco Europeo de Inversiones ocupa un lugar central en los esfuerzos de la UE para convertir las iniciativas políticas europeas en soluciones reales de desarrollo sobre el terreno. Este informe presenta una panorámica de nuestros proyectos e iniciativas vitales en todas las regiones del mundo que son prioritarias para la Unión Europea, datos y perspectivas sobre su impacto y, a través de una serie de ensayos de expertos, ideas para mejorar nuestra contribución a una arquitectura europea del desarrollo.
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  • 9.
    book.ebook
    Globale Lösungen, internationale Partnerschaften [er] : Entwicklungsbericht der Europäischen Investitionsbank 2021. European Investment Bank.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : EIB, [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    Klimakrise, Massenvertreibung und die internationale Dimension der Covid-19-Pandemie zeigen: Wir können die Herausforderungen unserer Zeit nicht alleine bewältigen – wir brauchen globale Lösungen. Die Europäische Investitionsbank ist ein Schrittmacher dafür, dass aus europäischen Initiativen echte Entwicklungslösungen hervorgehen. Der Entwicklungsbericht bietet spannende Einblicke in unsere Projekte und Initiativen und deren Wirkung. Er nimmt uns mit in die Regionen der Welt, in denen die Europäische Union aktiv ist, enthält Daten zur Wirkung der Projekte vor Ort und Ideen, wie die EIB zu einer gestärkten europäischen Entwicklungsarchitektur beitragen kann.
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  • 10.
    book.ebook
    Feasibility study of an active-substance-based review system (‘monographs’) and other potential alternatives for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products [er] : final report. European Commission. Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Both scientific and policy discussions have been ongoing for several years on the shortcomings of the current product-based environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products in the EU, and the nature of potential alternatives. The present study identified, collected and analysed information to assess the feasibility of an active-substance-based approach (‘monograph system’) and other potential alternatives. The monograph system as defined in the literature, and two alternatives presented by Animal Health Europe and the European Group for Generic Veterinary Products were examined for their possible impacts, efficiency and effectiveness in achieving the objectives of Regulation (EU) 2019/06, i.e. reduce the administrative burden, enhance the internal market, increase the availability of VMPs, while guaranteeing the highest level of public and animal health and protection of the environment. In an initial phase the monograph system would be more expensive and resource-intensive, but in the long-term the benefits should overbalance the disadvantages. In addition, a number of suggestions were developed to improve the acceptability of the monograph system. The benefit would be enhanced by using existing tools and experiences from other regulatory frameworks. Moreover, it would support current EU strategic approaches, such as the “one substance, one assessment” approach of the European Green Deal (COM/2019/640). Especially in view of these EU goals, a monograph system is justified, proportionate and may be affordable in a long-time perspective.
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  • 11.
    book
    Enablers and disablers of crossborder long-term apprentice mobility : evidence from country- and project-level investigations. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Cross-border long-term mobility of apprentices (CBLTMA) is understood as the period an apprentice spends abroad in in-company training (potentially combined with training at a VET provider) for a duration of minimum six months, and typically of up to 12 months, as part of his/her apprenticeship training. It is more difficult to organise than mobility in school-based VET and higher education, largely due to the nature of the relationship between the apprentice and the training companies; the latter must be willing to let the apprentice undergo a part of his/her training abroad. By considering the specific cities of apprenticeships, this publication presents considerations on the enablers and disablers of CBLTMA and shows what would need to be considered to make CBLTMA work in the medium to long term.
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  • 12.
    book.ebook
    Enablers and disablers of crossborder long-term apprentice mobility [er] : evidence from country- and project-level investigations. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Cross-border long-term mobility of apprentices (CBLTMA) is understood as the period an apprentice spends abroad in in-company training (potentially combined with training at a VET provider) for a duration of minimum six months, and typically of up to 12 months, as part of his/her apprenticeship training. It is more difficult to organise than mobility in school-based VET and higher education, largely due to the nature of the relationship between the apprentice and the training companies; the latter must be willing to let the apprentice undergo a part of his/her training abroad. By considering the specific cities of apprenticeships, this publication presents considerations on the enablers and disablers of CBLTMA and shows what would need to be considered to make CBLTMA work in the medium to long term.
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  • 13.
    book
    More perceptions, opinion survey on adult learning and continuing vocational education and training in Europe. Volume 2, Views of adults in Europe. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    In this second volume on the findings of its second opinion survey on adult learning and continuing vocational education and training (CVET), Cedefop has analysed the views of more than 40,000 people aged over 25 in the European Union, Iceland and Norway. The aim is to see how different circumstances, such as age, level of education and occupation, influence views of adult learning and CVET. It shows that adults strongly support adult learning and CVET and have a firm belief in the benefits they bring. However, participation in adult learning and CVET is not determined so much by the positive image and attractiveness, but by the unique circumstances that individuals face in their working lives. To help people better, aspects of vocational education and training policy need a rethink.
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  • 14.
    book.ebook
    Country report, gender equality [er] : how are EU rules transposed into national law? : Sweden [2021]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The authority to enact laws is vested in the Swedish Parliament (the Riksdag). The Government, however, has the power to issue decrees concerning less important matters. To some extent this power stems directly from the Instrument of Government (1974:152), one of Sweden’s four constitutional laws but the Government can also be granted authority to issue decrees by means of acts of law passed by Parliament. Legal instruments relating to the personal status of private subjects or the personal and economic relations between private subjects – that is, matters of civil law – fall under the exclusive competence of Parliament and must thus be regulated by law.1 Employment legislation falls under this category. Neither local nor regional authorities have any legislative powers in this field. As regards the law-making process, in Sweden the groundwork in the preparation of bills is laid by commissions of inquiry, legal experts in the ministries, and Parliamentary standing committees. Legislative initiative lies predominantly with the Government. Its right to make legislative proposals to Parliament is guaranteed by the Constitution.2 Another alternative is that Parliament, on the basis of bills introduced by individual members, requests that an inquiry should take place concerning legislation on a certain issue. Swedish legislative commissions, likely to prepare any bill of importance, are responsible for carrying out detailed inquiries published in a special series known as Swedish Government Reports (Statens offentliga utredningar, SOU). To a certain extent, inquiries into matters of legislation are carried out at the ministry principally concerned, with the assistance of the ministry's own officials. The most important part of Parliament's legislative work is performed within standing committees. The committees deal with the Government's bills and with Parliament Members' bills containing various amendments. This results in a committee report. The bill and the report are subsequently dealt with at a plenary session of Parliament which, after a debate, votes on the bill. The Swedish law-making process thus generates a voluminous body of printed material which is important in applying the legislation. Given the care taken in these materials to formulate the reasons and intent of the law, it becomes natural for the courts, the authorities and individual lawyers to rely on them as important sources of interpretation.
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  • 15.
    book.ebook
    Antisemitism [er] : overview of antisemitic incidents recorded in the European Union 2010-2020 : annual update. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    Antisemitic incidents and hate crimes violate fundamental rights, especially the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment, and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This report provides an overview of available data on antisemitism as recorded by official and unofficial sources in the EU Member States as well as Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia. The data provided by the countries are supplemented with information from international organisations. This is the 17th edition of FRA’s report on the situation of data collection on antisemitism in the EU (including reports published by FRA’s predecessor, the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia). It provides an update on the most recent figures on antisemitic incidents, covering the period 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020, where data are available.
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  • 16.
    book
    European red list of birds. European Commission. Directorate-General for Environment.
    Publication
    [Brussels] : [European Commission], [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    The European Red List of Birds is a review of the regional extinction risk of all 544 species of birds occurring regularly and naturally in Europe. The assessment, performed by BirdLife International for the fourth time (1994, 2004, 2015 and 2021), follows the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria applied at regional level. Evaluating the extinction risk of each species – i.e., Least Concern, Near Threatened or threatened, and if the latter, to what level – helps to inform decision making, shaping national and international environmental policies and on-the-ground conservation action. The results presented in this report1 are based on data collated by thousands of experts and volunteers from 54 countries and territories across Europe, extending from Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard in the North to the Canary Islands, Malta and Cyprus in the South, and from the Azores in the West to the Caucasus and Ural Mountains in the East. Additional sources such as scientific reports, national atlases and Red Data Books, as well as peer-reviewed literature were also used to make sure the most recent data available were used. The data, compiled in 2019, encompass the 1980-2018 period.
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  • 17.
    book.ebook
    European red list of birds [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Environment.
    Publication
    [Brussels] : [European Commission], [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    The European Red List of Birds is a review of the regional extinction risk of all 544 species of birds occurring regularly and naturally in Europe. The assessment, performed by BirdLife International for the fourth time (1994, 2004, 2015 and 2021), follows the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria applied at regional level. Evaluating the extinction risk of each species – i.e., Least Concern, Near Threatened or threatened, and if the latter, to what level – helps to inform decision making, shaping national and international environmental policies and on-the-ground conservation action. The results presented in this report1 are based on data collated by thousands of experts and volunteers from 54 countries and territories across Europe, extending from Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard in the North to the Canary Islands, Malta and Cyprus in the South, and from the Azores in the West to the Caucasus and Ural Mountains in the East. Additional sources such as scientific reports, national atlases and Red Data Books, as well as peer-reviewed literature were also used to make sure the most recent data available were used. The data, compiled in 2019, encompass the 1980-2018 period.
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  • 18.
    book.ebook
    Climate action in the post-COVID world [er] : insights from EU-funded projects on how to build forward better. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change could not have been clearer about the urgent need to act on the climate crisis if we want to save the planet and ourselves. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been a stark reminder that our well-being depends on the health of the planet, the recovery strategies offer a once-in-a-century opportunity for a genuine paradigm shift towards a society that respects planetary boundaries. What advice can the research community give to policymakers at this critical moment, against the backdrop of the decisive UN Climate Change Conference (COP26), to help them shape a greener, more equitable and prosperous future for all? EU-funded Horizon 2020 projects have some ideas.
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  • 19.
    book.ebook
    Evaluation of the EIB support to urban public transport in the EU (2007-2019) [er] : thematic report. European Investment Bank.
    Publication
    [Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2021], c2021.
    Summary
    This evaluation assesses how the EIB has supported urban public transport across Europe during 2007-2019 and with what results. This evaluation feeds into EIB’s Transport Lending Policy, revised in 2021. This report builds on various inputs, including a synthesis report of 12 project evaluations published separately. Overall, the EIB addressed the municipalities’ needs in the sector and provided a substantial financial contribution to projects, especially during the crisis. Most projects within scope delivered their production targets, but half did not achieve their expected ridership levels. Other outcomes were largely undocumented (e.g. modal shift from cars to public transport). The vast majority of completed projects were economically sound after completion, but a few exceptions call for a strengthened ex-ante review and ex-post estimate of ridership for these projects. In the context of the EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap, the Bank is currently adapting its methods and products to support the acceleration of the transition towards cleaner urban public transport technologies.
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  • 20.
    book.ebook
    The identification of measures to protect by-catch species in mixed-fisheries management plans (ProByFish) [er] : final report. Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.
    Publication
    Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
    Summary
    The ProByFish study was initiated to assist in the development of methods to evaluate the impact of different fisheries management options on the objectives of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The study developed robust methods to a) define target and bycatch species and b) to divide the bycatch species into valuable and collateral bycatch species, the first generally retained on board and landed and the latter generally discarded. The classification of a species depended on the fleet and area in which the fleet operates. The study also identified species which can only sustain low levers of fishing and proceeded to include examples of these in mixed fisheries models. After the development of stock assessments, reference points and mixed fisheries management strategy evaluation models for a variety of stocks, the study identified the species for which annual catch limits of target species would be sufficient to ensure sustainable exploitation even in the absence of species specific management actions. Then it proceeded to identify measures that will lead to the sustainable development of the bycatch stocks and agreed reference levels to safeguard stocks. The measures included various combinations of single species annual catch limits and annual catch limits afor groups of species on target and valuable bycatch species, gear modifications and spatial management under different implementations of the landing obligation. The management strategy evaluations showed major differences in the results between different implementations of the landing obligation. Under the current implementation, fisheries remained relatively unchanged but a variety of stocks, with cod as the most prevalent example in the Celtic Sea and greater North Sea, remained fished at levels above the level consistent with the maximum long term yield and with a risk of impairing recruitment that exceeded 5%. In contrast, the study found that enforcing the landing obligation fully would safeguard the stocks, but would lead to so-called ‘choke species’ effects. A ‘choke species’ is a species for which the catch opportunity restricts the catches of one or more other species caught together with this species beyond what is compatible with fishing at the levels that provides the maximum sustainable yield of these other species. The ‘choke species’ issue leads to prolonged closures of most demersal fisheries with subsequent socio-economic impacts. The predicted effect of various measures targeted at reducing catches of choke species was mitigated by associated increases in effort as fishing became less effective for several species at the same time. A possible exception to this was gear changes applied to the nephrops fishery. In general, no scenarios predicted stock recovery of all stocks without an associated reduction in fishing effort.
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