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1.

Delivering drone solutions for smart and sustainable air mobility [er] : U-space research and innovation portfolio. SESAR Joint Undertaking.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

U-space is a set of services and specific procedures designed to support safe, efficient and secure access to airspace for large numbers of drones. These services rely on a high level of digitalisation and automation of functions, whether they are on board the drone itself, or are part of the ground-based environment. U-space allows this market to grow by helping to establish technologies, rules and procedures that will eventually enable drones to safely share the airspace with manned aviation. The U-space sector is developing rapidly with new innovative ways of using drones emerging at a fast pace. The European Commission has announced plans for a new Drone strategy 2.0 to be published in 2022. This will provide a forward-looking vision for the future holistic development of the sector while supporting the European Green Deal, Smart and Sustainable Mobility Strategy, Digital Strategy and other Union policies.

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2.

Delivering drone solutions for smart and sustainable air mobility : U-space research and innovation portfolio. SESAR Joint Undertaking.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

U-space is a set of services and specific procedures designed to support safe, efficient and secure access to airspace for large numbers of drones. These services rely on a high level of digitalisation and automation of functions, whether they are on board the drone itself, or are part of the ground-based environment. U-space allows this market to grow by helping to establish technologies, rules and procedures that will eventually enable drones to safely share the airspace with manned aviation. The U-space sector is developing rapidly with new innovative ways of using drones emerging at a fast pace. The European Commission has announced plans for a new Drone strategy 2.0 to be published in 2022. This will provide a forward-looking vision for the future holistic development of the sector while supporting the European Green Deal, Smart and Sustainable Mobility Strategy, Digital Strategy and other Union policies.

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3.

Patents for industrial pollution prevention and control [er] : study commissioned by the European Commission under contract 940 597-2020 IT. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

An important objective of the European Green Deal is to achieve a circular economy with zero pollution. Due to their considerable environmental impact, large industrial installations naturally constitute one of the main areas of focus. As one of its activities, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Union regularly compiles reference documents on Best Available Techniques (BAT), called BREFs, giving a clear picture of the state-of-the-art in the field of industrial pollution prevention and control in all Member States. Mapping the environmental capabilities of EU countries to check if they match the long-term need for clean technology as implied by the European Green Deal is crucial for the EU’s envisaged green transition. One way to achieve this is to retrieve geo-localized documents describing R&D activities, in particular patents, across the EU and the world. In this report, we set out to build an Information Retrieval (IR) system that is able to retrieve relevant patents from queries based on specific subsections of BREF documents. Past efforts on this front mainly rely on bag-of-words approaches such as TF-IDF or, with the goal of leveraging semantic information, on using pre-trained word embeddings like GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014). Following recent advances in the field of Natural Language Processing, we build an IR engine based on the Transformer architecture (Vaswani et al., 2017) supported by FAISS indexing (Johnson et al., 2017) and demonstrate its superiority compared to legacy approaches. We train and fine-tune our model using several open source datasets and assess its effectiveness by comparing its performance with that of baseline approaches on a brand new dataset provided by JRC.

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4.

Artificial intelligence, blockchain and the future of Europe : how disruptive technologies create opportunities for a green and digital economy : executive summary. European Investment Bank.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU. Artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies have the potential to revolutionise the way we work, travel, relax, and organise our societies and day-to-day lives. Already today, they are improving our world: artificial intelligence was crucial in speeding up the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines, while blockchain has the potential to not only disrupt the financial system, but also help us track and report greenhouse gas emissions better, optimise commercial transport and create genuine data privacy protection. The further development of both technologies – guided by ethical and sustainability principles – has the potential to create new pathways for our growth, driving technological solutions to make our societies truly digital and greener, and ultimately keep the planet habitable. This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU. It puts forward recommendations how the EU can unleash its full potential in these technologies and reap their benefits for a truly digital and green transformation.

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5.

AI watch, defining Artificial Intelligence 2.0 [er] : towards an operational definition and taxonomy for the AI landscape. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication	Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
Edition	Second edition
Summary	We present here the second edition of our research aimed at establishing an operational definition of artificial intelligence (AI), to which we refer to in the activities of AI Watch. This edition builds on the first report, published in February 2020, and complements it with several recent developments. Since then, the European Commission has proposed a regulatory framework on artificial intelligence (AI Act) that establishes a legal definition of AI, which we incorporate in the current review. In addition to this legal definition, an operational definition is still needed to better delineate the boundaries and analysis of the AI Watch AI landscape. The proposed AI Watch operational definition consists of an iterative method providing a concise taxonomy and list of keywords that characterise the core domains of the AI research field, complemented by transversal topics such as AI applications or ethical and philosophical considerations - in line with the wider monitoring objective of AI Watch. The AI taxonomy is designed to inform the AI Watch AI landscape analysis and is also expected to cover applications of AI in closely related technological domains, such as robotics (in a broader sense), neuroscience or internet of things. The literature considered for the qualitative analysis of existing definitions and taxonomies has been enlarged to include recently published reports from the three complementary perspectives considered in this work: policy, research and industry. Therefore, the collection of definitions published between 1955 and 2021 and the summary of the main features of the concept of AI appearing in the relevant literature is another valuable output of this work. Finally, alternative approaches to study AI are also briefly presented in this new edition of the report. These include the classification of AI according to: families of algorithms and the theoretical models behind them; cognitive abilities reproduced by AI; functions performed by AI. Applications of AI may be grouped also according to other dimensions, like the economic sector in which such applications are found, or their business functions. These approaches, complementary to the taxonomy used for the analysis of the AI Watch international landscape, are useful to gain a wider understanding of the AI domain, and suitable to be used in studies related to these dimensions.

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6.

The 2020 PREDICT [er] : key facts report : an analysis of ICT R&D in the EU and beyond. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The 2021 PREDICT Key Facts Report provides a detailed analysis of the state of ICT R&D activities in the European Union (EU27) and 13 further economies worldwide. This is the 14th edition of a series that is published annually. Like the previous editions, an online version is available at: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/predict. The report covers the period between 1995 and 2018, providing a long-term analysis of the EU ICT sector and its R&D, covering a whole cycle from the initial expansion years to the double recession that began in early 2008, and the most recent evolution up to 2018. For the EU aggregate the report includes nowcasted data for 2019 and 2020. Therefore, it offers a glimpse of the effects of COVID-19. The statistical information provided by the figures allows the comparison between: the ICT sector and the total economy; the ICT manufacturing sector and the ICT services sector; the four ICT manufacturing sectors, two ICT services sectors, and Media and content and Retail sale via mail order houses or via Internet sectors; EU countries; the EU and the international context (including the most relevant countries in the world economy). The report focuses especially on the ICT R&D macroeconomic dynamics.

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7.

EC ocean observation [er] : sharing responsibility : report & community recommendations from the virtual eventon 18 June 2021. European Commission. Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

As Europe steps up to meet the ambitious targets of the EU Green Deal and related Climate Pact, the value of high quality, standardised marine data has never been clearer. This will continue to increase as Europe contributes marine knowledge to global efforts including the international United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the COP21 Paris agreement and upcoming COP26, and the challenges and objectives of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). Ocean observations - and the resulting data - at the start of the marine knowledge value chain, the foundation upon which information and knowledge are created for society. Marine data and information underpins and enables Blue Economy operations at sea, drives research and innovation to improve our understanding of ocean health, of geo-hazards, and of the oceans’ role in climate regulation. Information on the status of the marine environment and human activities at sea also inform marine spatial planning and wider evidence based decision-making concerning our environment, society and future wellbeing. The ongoing success of existing long-term EU marine data services EMODnet and the Copernicus Marine Service are inherently linked – and completely dependent on – marine data collected through ocean observations and marine monitoring. However, the marine knowledge chain is only as strong as its weakest link. In particular, in situ ocean observation technology development, infrastructure operation and data collection are currently fragmented, under-resourced and largely un-sustained (EMB, 20214). The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) Conference Call to Action5 recommended three specific actions for national, regional and European stakeholders to examine the existing capability in ocean observing and monitoring and the efforts that lie under their responsibility. Since then, the community has continued to develop EOOS as a coordination framework to connect stakeholders and initiatives and to further align and integrate Europe’s ocean observing capacity. In 2020 the European Commission (EC) Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (DG MARE) commissioned an EC study on Marine Technology6 on the state of the development of sensors and platforms in ocean observation. In addition, 2020 saw the launch of an EC Ocean Observation initiative titled EC Ocean Observation – sharing responsibility 7 with a public consultation which gathered feedback from over 150 stakeholders, including perspectives on the needs, requirements and opportunities for strengthened coordination at national level across marine and coastal data collection efforts. The consultation culminated in February 2021 with an online event hosted by the European Parliament Intergroup on Seas, Rivers, Islands and Coastal Areas (SEARICA), in cooperation with the Directorate General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the European Commission and the Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions.

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8.

Higher Education for smart specialisation [er] : a handbook. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

Smart specialisation was introduced under Cohesion Policy in the 2014- 2020 programming period and sought to ensure the prioritisation of funding in areas where territories could have a competitive advantage. The policy is founded upon an Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) that mobilises the key research and innovation stakeholders in the region (including higher education) to jointly analyse and exploit regional strengths and potentials. The EU Renewed Agenda for Higher Education recognised that higher education institutions (HEIs) should engage in the development of their regions and cities, integrating local, regional and societal issues into their curricula, cooperating with businesses, involving the local community in teaching, research and lifelong learning but also building links with the local community and contributing to regional development. Smart specialisation links HEIs to their territories: the places where universities are based matter. Higher Education - at the interface of research, education and innovation - is a key asset in boosting regional growth and green and digital transitions. In the 2021-2027 programming period there is an enhanced focus upon the development of human capital as part of the smart specialisation process under the ERDF specific objective “Skills for smart specialisation, industrial transition and entrepreneurship”. This handbook responds to the incorporation of the seven fulfilment criteria for good governance in smart specialisation in the new regulatory framework but from the perspective of higher education.

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9.

Higher Education for smart specialisation : a handbook. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

Smart specialisation was introduced under Cohesion Policy in the 2014- 2020 programming period and sought to ensure the prioritisation of funding in areas where territories could have a competitive advantage. The policy is founded upon an Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) that mobilises the key research and innovation stakeholders in the region (including higher education) to jointly analyse and exploit regional strengths and potentials. The EU Renewed Agenda for Higher Education recognised that higher education institutions (HEIs) should engage in the development of their regions and cities, integrating local, regional and societal issues into their curricula, cooperating with businesses, involving the local community in teaching, research and lifelong learning but also building links with the local community and contributing to regional development. Smart specialisation links HEIs to their territories: the places where universities are based matter. Higher Education - at the interface of research, education and innovation - is a key asset in boosting regional growth and green and digital transitions. In the 2021-2027 programming period there is an enhanced focus upon the development of human capital as part of the smart specialisation process under the ERDF specific objective “Skills for smart specialisation, industrial transition and entrepreneurship”. This handbook responds to the incorporation of the seven fulfilment criteria for good governance in smart specialisation in the new regulatory framework but from the perspective of higher education.

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10.

Smart grids and beyond [er] : an EU research and innovation perspective. European Commission. Joint Research Centre.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This report presents an overview of EU research and innovation (R&I) projects in the field of smart grids funded by the last two framework programmes for R&I (the seventh EU framework programme for research, technological development and demonstration activities and Horizon 2020) and by the competitiveness and innovation framework programme. R&I projects can play a pivotal role in addressing and investigating the technological, regulatory, economic and social challenges of the energy transition, and analysing them can help to understand the direction Europe is taking and inform current and future policy developments. The report looks into projects addressing the need to modernise the electricity grid and to better integrate the behaviours and actions of all connected users. In this sense, it goes ‘beyond smart grids’ strictly speaking, and looks at the energy transition beyond purely technological solutions. The analysis of the projects surveyed provides an overview of the main trends; of the main areas in which projects intervene; and of the organisations that participate in the projects as well as synergies and collaborative links between the organisations.

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11.

CORDIS results pack on challenges to democracy in Europe [er]. Publications Office of the European Union.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our democratic societies, posing unprecedented challenges to globalisation, personal freedoms, the reliability of information and, ultimately, the ability of democratic institutions to cope with the rapidly changing societal demands. This adds up to a tumultuous decade for European democracy, that saw the rise of populist movements, anti-European sentiments fuelling disintegration pulsions, and growing grassroots protests over a number of issues, ranging from racism to economic disparity. This comprehensively updated CORDIS Results Pack, including nine entirely new projects, features some of the innovative EU-funded research that helps us to better understand the major political issues of the day and provide recommendations for policymakers, citizens and other organisations to better respond to the threats facing European democracy. The research featured in this Pack covers many diverse issues including economic insecurity, cultural and social integration, European identity, youth issues, radicalisation, technology, misinformation and ‘fake news’, and even how the EU defends and promotes its values in the international diplomatic arena. There are no simple solutions to any of the challenges currently facing European democracy. Yet the EU can and will rise to the task of defending and enriching its fundamental values and democratic systems. The road ahead in a post-pandemic world will not be easy – but the fantastic research highlighted here promises to shine a light towards a better future for all European citizens.

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12.

CORDIS results pack on challenges to democracy in Europe [er]. Publications Office of the European Union.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our democratic societies, posing unprecedented challenges to globalisation, personal freedoms, the reliability of information and, ultimately, the ability of democratic institutions to cope with the rapidly changing societal demands. This adds up to a tumultuous decade for European democracy, that saw the rise of populist movements, anti-European sentiments fuelling disintegration pulsions, and growing grassroots protests over a number of issues, ranging from racism to economic disparity. This comprehensively updated CORDIS Results Pack, including nine entirely new projects, features some of the innovative EU-funded research that helps us to better understand the major political issues of the day and provide recommendations for policymakers, citizens and other organisations to better respond to the threats facing European democracy. The research featured in this Pack covers many diverse issues including economic insecurity, cultural and social integration, European identity, youth issues, radicalisation, technology, misinformation and ‘fake news’, and even how the EU defends and promotes its values in the international diplomatic arena. There are no simple solutions to any of the challenges currently facing European democracy. Yet the EU can and will rise to the task of defending and enriching its fundamental values and democratic systems. The road ahead in a post-pandemic world will not be easy – but the fantastic research highlighted here promises to shine a light towards a better future for all European citizens.

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13.

Research and innovation cooperation in the Western Balkans [er]. European Commission. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

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14.

Building stronger intellectual property strategy capabilities : supporting SMEs to succeed with open innovation. Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are considered to be the engine of the European economy. They are expected to lead the ‘twin transitions’ towards climate neutrality and digital leadership set out in the European Commission’s (The Commission) industrial strategy. It is generally accepted that they will play an important role in the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. While SMEs are a heterogeneous group of businesses, many SMEs pioneer new technologies, products, services and software. As those solutions become increasingly technologically complex, SMEs more frequently engage in collaborations with a wide range of partners, i.e. Open Innovation (OI). After an official commitment to OI in 2016, the Commission continues to promote OI as part of its digital single market and innovation policies. Not only for SMEs working on key enabling technologies, their Hard-IP (e.g. patents, trademarks), but often more so their Soft-IP (e.g. data, know-how), represents a considerable value to their business. However, a large share of SMEs still lacks awareness and understanding of IP, not least to effectively appropriate the benefits of OI. This study was commissioned to provide an empirical basis for existing OI models and the extent to which IP – including patents, utility models, designs, but also trade secrets, data and know-how – facilitates or hinders OI, with a particular focus on SMEs.

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15.

Building stronger intellectual property strategy capabilities [er] : supporting SMEs to succeed with open innovation. Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are considered to be the engine of the European economy. They are expected to lead the ‘twin transitions’ towards climate neutrality and digital leadership set out in the European Commission’s (The Commission) industrial strategy. It is generally accepted that they will play an important role in the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. While SMEs are a heterogeneous group of businesses, many SMEs pioneer new technologies, products, services and software. As those solutions become increasingly technologically complex, SMEs more frequently engage in collaborations with a wide range of partners, i.e. Open Innovation (OI). After an official commitment to OI in 2016, the Commission continues to promote OI as part of its digital single market and innovation policies. Not only for SMEs working on key enabling technologies, their Hard-IP (e.g. patents, trademarks), but often more so their Soft-IP (e.g. data, know-how), represents a considerable value to their business. However, a large share of SMEs still lacks awareness and understanding of IP, not least to effectively appropriate the benefits of OI. This study was commissioned to provide an empirical basis for existing OI models and the extent to which IP – including patents, utility models, designs, but also trade secrets, data and know-how – facilitates or hinders OI, with a particular focus on SMEs.

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16.

CORDIS results pack on challenges to democracy in Europe Publications Office of the European Union.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on our democratic societies, posing unprecedented challenges to globalisation, personal freedoms, the reliability of information and, ultimately, the ability of democratic institutions to cope with the rapidly changing societal demands. This adds up to a tumultuous decade for European democracy, that saw the rise of populist movements, anti-European sentiments fuelling disintegration pulsions, and growing grassroots protests over a number of issues, ranging from racism to economic disparity. This comprehensively updated CORDIS Results Pack, including nine entirely new projects, features some of the innovative EU-funded research that helps us to better understand the major political issues of the day and provide recommendations for policymakers, citizens and other organisations to better respond to the threats facing European democracy. The research featured in this Pack covers many diverse issues including economic insecurity, cultural and social integration, European identity, youth issues, radicalisation, technology, misinformation and ‘fake news’, and even how the EU defends and promotes its values in the international diplomatic arena. There are no simple solutions to any of the challenges currently facing European democracy. Yet the EU can and will rise to the task of defending and enriching its fundamental values and democratic systems. The road ahead in a post-pandemic world will not be easy – but the fantastic research highlighted here promises to shine a light towards a better future for all European citizens.

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17.

Automated road transport : on the way to connected and automated mobility : from Horizon 2020 towards Horizon Europe. Innovation and Networks Executive Agency.

Publication	[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2021]
Summary	This brochure provides a comprehensive overview of the automated road transport projects managed by CINEA within the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (2014-2020).

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18.

Artificial intelligence, blockchain and the future of Europe [er] : how disruptive technologies create opportunities for a green and digital economy : executive summary. European Investment Bank.

Publication

Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.

Summary

This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU. Artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies have the potential to revolutionise the way we work, travel, relax, and organise our societies and day-to-day lives. Already today, they are improving our world: artificial intelligence was crucial in speeding up the development and production of COVID-19 vaccines, while blockchain has the potential to not only disrupt the financial system, but also help us track and report greenhouse gas emissions better, optimise commercial transport and create genuine data privacy protection. The further development of both technologies – guided by ethical and sustainability principles – has the potential to create new pathways for our growth, driving technological solutions to make our societies truly digital and greener, and ultimately keep the planet habitable. This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU. It puts forward recommendations how the EU can unleash its full potential in these technologies and reap their benefits for a truly digital and green transformation.

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19.

Artificial intelligence, blockchain and the future of Europe [er] : how disruptive technologies create opportunities for a green and digital economy : main report. European Investment Bank.

Publication	Luxembourg : Publications Office, 2021.
Summary	This report, produced by the European Investment Bank and the European Commission, provides a global overview of the state of play of both technologies. It shows that Europe needs to address an investment gap of up to €10 billion that is holding back development and deployment of artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies in the EU.

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20.

Automated road transport [er] : on the way to connected and automated mobility : from Horizon 2020 towards Horizon Europe. Innovation and Networks Executive Agency.

Publication	[Luxembourg] : [Publications Office], [2021]
Summary	This brochure provides a comprehensive overview of the automated road transport projects managed by CINEA within the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (2014-2020).

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